The difference between a cross fox and a red fox lies mainly in their colors.  The cross fox has a black cross on its back that gives it its name.  The fox may also have a black or silvery mask, and its tail is a little bushier than that of a regular red fox.

One evening we went on a sunset cruise to look for whales  

To see more photos of foxes please click on the link below to the gallery:

https://.../Foxes

I also have a gallery that includes all of my Newfoundland photos. 

https://zenfolio.page.link/xhWhw
 

The harbour at Trinity was first used by fishing ships around the 16th century.  Before the decline of Trinity in the mid 19th century, the town and area became the major centre of trade on the northeast coast of Newfoundland.  Today it is a major tourism destination in Newfoundland.

 A sunrise walk in Trinity.  Trinity was the site that Sir Richard Whitbourne held the first court of Admiralty in 1615, establishing  the first court of justice in North America. 

Early morning in the fog.

On our way back to St. Johns we stopped to visit the  "Random Passage Site".  This site was built in 2000 for filming of the international TV mini-series "Random Passage".  The site provides the opportunity to learn about the obstacles and opportunities of living in the 19th-century small fishing village in Newfoundland.  

To see more photos of Trinity and the Random Passage Site, please click on link below:

https://.../Trinity
 

After leaving St. John's we stayed in the town of Trinity for a few nights.  You can see from the map that we were close to the Puffins.   In case you missed my blog on puffin photos you can click on the following link:   https://www.marshafouks.com/puffins
 

 We took some day trips to  a few different villages.

Sunset in the district of Cavandish

To view more of some of the landscape shots please click on the link below:

https://.../landscape
 

Puffins breed in large colonies on coastal cliffs or offshore islands.  These Atlantic Puffins have predominantly black or black and white plumage, a stocky build and large beak that is brightly colored during the breeding season.

In the air, the Puffins beat their wings rapidly (up to 400 times a minute) in swift flight, often flying low over the ocean's surface.

Puffins may only weigh in around 1 lb, but these carnivorous seabirds need to eat about 40 small fish per day to stay healthy.

Puffins don't mate for life like their penguin lookalikes, however they are often monogamous with the same partner over their lifetime, sometimes 20 years.  Every year, puffins return to the same nesting area and will recouple with their mate.  The  female lays a single egg and both parents take turns incubating it and raising the puffling over the summer.

Puffins have specialized beaks to help them fish.  They have denticles ( a type of serrated tooth) on their beaks, a locking tongue and a large jaw that helps them grab and hold lots of small fish crosswise.   They use their spiny tongues to pierce the fish against their denticles, making it possible to bring back an average of 10 fish per trip.  

To see more of my puffin photos please copy and paste the following link in your browser.

https://www.marshafouks.com/puffins
 

Bird Rock is the third-largest nesting site and southernmost colony of northern gannets in North America.

The northern gannet is a seabird, the largest species of the gannet family, Sulidae and the largest seabird in the northern Atlantic.  You can see a few juveniles in the photo above- they are mostly grey-brown becoming increasingly white as they mature within five years.

The northern gannet catches fish by making high-speed dives into the sea.

Gannets have excellent binocular vision which allows them to spot fish while hovering over the water.  Once they have spotted their prey, they will fold their wings and dive from a height of up to 40m, reaching speeds of up to 100 kmph.

We also spotted some razorbills, which are similar to thick-billed murres but have a deeper and blunter bill.

To see more photos of the northern gannets and razorbills please click on the link below to the gallery:

https://.../Gannets
 

In July of 2022, I joined Muench Workshops for a one week tour of Newfoundland.    We spent the first three nights in St. John's going on day trips from the city.  St. John's is the capital and largest city in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.  It is located on the eastern tip of the Avalon Peninsula on the island of Newfoundland.  In the map located above, you can find St. John's beside  the drawing of the colorful tall houses.  At the end of the trip I spent a day in St. John's  sightseeing on my own.

Cape Spear Lighthouse National Historic Site is found on Canada's most easterly point of land and is the oldest surviving lighthouse in Newfoundland and Labrador.   The lighthouse was constructed in 1836 and is a 20-minute drive from downtown St. John's.  In 1955 a new lighthouse tower was built nearby using the original light.  With my back facing the sea, the entire population of North America was in front of me with only Ireland behind me.  

  On my last day in St. John's, I visited the Quidi Vidi Village in the east end of downtown St. John's.  This town is known for being one of the oldest fishing villages in North America.

After leaving Quidi Vidi, I managed to find my way to a hiking trail which connected to Signal Hill where I would see views of the city of St. Johns.

A view on the hiking trail.

A view of St. John's from Signal Hill.

I then walked down to Jellybean Row in St. John's  which describes the entire downtown hillside.  The area is named for its brightly colored facades.  The jellybean houses were built in 1860.  The great fire of 1877 destroyed over two hundred acres of downtown Saint John's but the buildings were spared.

To see more of my photos of St. John's please click on the following link which will take you to the gallery. 

https://.../p195991852
 

    The animals in the sanctuary were wild and free too roam.

 I was still zooming in with my camera so I wasn't as close to this guy  as it appears.  Kangaroos are indigenous to Australia.  In 2019, about 50 million kangaroos lived in Australia.  However, due to the forest fires in 2019, this number could be significantly lower although some of the Kangaroos could escape the forest fires by running away if they were able to find other sources of food. 

This guy looked at me and then started to hop away as I took a series of shots of him leaving the scene.  The comfortable hopping speed for a red kangaroo is about 20-25 km/h(12-16 mph) but speeds of us to 70 km/h (25 mph) can be attained over short distances.  

Kangaroos have different diets, depending on the species.  The eastern grey kangaroo is predominantly a grazer and eats a wide variety of grasses, while the red kangaroo include significant amounts of shrubs in their diets.   With out guide, we drove around to different areas in the preserve and then walked around looking for animals.  

Kangaroos are shy by nature and tend to run away from people in normal circumstances.  There are very few records of kangaroos attacking humans without provocation.   Finally, the two kangaroos ran off with the baby one taking one last look at us.

Today we headed to Hobart for the conclusion of the tour.  On the way we stopped at Port Arthur.

Taken from Wikipedia:

Port Arthur is a small town and former convict settlement on the Tasman Peninsula, in Tasmania, Australia. Port Arthur is one of Australia's most significant heritage areas and an open-air museum.

The site forms part of the Australian Convict Sites, a World Heritage property consisting of 11 remnant penal sites originally built within the British Empire during the 18th and 19th centuries on fertile Australian coastal strips. Collectively, these sites, including Port Arthur, now represent, "...the best surviving examples of large-scale convict transportation and the colonial expansion of European powers through the presence and labour of convicts."^[3]. From 1833 until 1853, it was the destination for the hardest of convicted British criminals, those who were secondary offenders having reoffended after their arrival in Australia. Rebellious personalities from other convict stations were also sent there. In addition, Port Arthur had some of the strictest security measures of the British penal system.

As punishment, the prisoners would receive the bare minimum of bread and water.^[7] Under this system of punishment, the "Silent System" was implemented in the building. Here, prisoners were hooded and made to stay silent; this was supposed to allow time for the prisoner to reflect upon the actions which had brought him there. Many of the prisoners in the Separate Prison developed mental illness from the lack of light and sound. This was an unintended outcome, although the asylum was built right next to the Separate Prison. In many ways, Port Arthur was the model for many of the penal reform movement, despite shipping, housing, and slave-labour use of convicts being as harsh, or worse, than others stations around the nation.
 

^{We took both  a land and boat tour of the area.  Our guide on the land tour assumed  the role of one of the convicts and told us some pretty chilling stories about the horrific treatment of the inmates.  There was also a boys' prison with inmates as young as nine years old.  I went into one of the rooms(unlike the one in the photo)  where some inmates were punished by serving time in isolation.  The prisoners had to live in pitch black rooms in isolation.  After a few seconds in this room, I couldn't wait to get out.  I can only imagine how living in these conditions would affect a person for hours, days or weeks.}

Not much space in the rooms.  I'm not sure where the bed was.

I had forgotten that on April 28, 1996, this site was the location of a massacre.  Thirty-five people were murdered and 23 wounded before the perpetrator was captured by the Special Operations Group.  Subsequent to this, a national restriction was placed on high capacity semiautomatic shot guns and rifles.  The 28 year old is now serving 35 life sentences plus 1,035 years without parole in the psychiatric wing of Risdon Prison in Hobart.  

After the prison was closed in 1877, the buildings started to fall into disrepair and decay.  The property was put up for auction but not sold until 1889.  The decay was seen as something positive, as the Tasmanian population wished to distance themselves from the dark images of Port Arthur.  Those who bought Port Arthur property began tearing down the buidings.  This distraction was continued with the the fires of 1895 and 1897 which destroyed the old prison house.  Also earthquake tremors led to more damage.  In 1979, funding was received to preserve the site as a tourist destination, due to its historical significance.  Today  Port Arthur receives over 250,000 visitors a year.  The government continues to put a lot of money into the upkeep and repairs.

In the evening we drove up to the top of Mount Wellington which overlooks Hobart.  The drive was along a 22 km narrow road- fortunately, we didn't see very many animals when we left to go back to the city.

One of the buildings on top of Mount Wellington which overlooks the city.    The mountain rises to 1,271 metres above see level.  

Alan and I did some off trail hiking to find our spot for the sunset.  We had to walk quite a way in order to get a good view of the various layers of mountains.  

On our last morning, we drove to Mount Field National Park to check out a couple of waterfalls.  Mount Field National Park was founded in 1916, making it, along with Freycinet,  Tasmania's oldest national park.  It was very scenic with various waterfalls.

On my last night in Hobart before leaving for Melbourne and back to Toronto, I walked down to the water.   Hobart is the capital of Tasmania and the most  populated city of the Australian island state (pop approximate 243,000).  

  Freycinet is a national park on the east coast of Tasmania(half way down on the above map), 125 km northeast of Hobart.  It occupies a large part of the Freycinet Peninsula and was founded in 1916.  Along with Mount Field National park, it is Tasmania's oldest park.   We were up early for sunrise driving back into Freycinet National Park to a beautiful area called Sleepy Bay.  It was very rocky and given that it was very dark before we arrived, I did not do a lot of walking before finding a spot for my composition.  I pretty much stayed in one spot and waiting for the light.  Sleepy Bay is a beautiful rocky bay with turquoise waters and orange lichen-encrusted rocks.  
 

 We stayed in  the fishing and touristy town of Bicheno.   In the afternoon, I walked around the town and Alan and I went to  check out the blowhole.

In the evening, we drove to Honeymoon Bay, inside of Freycinet National Park.  There really was not much  light on this little bay but it was a pretty scene.    Honeymoon Bay is actually a bay within the larger Coles Bay.  

The turquoise waters were pretty spectacular.  

Looking towards the sunset turned out to be a better option.   I pretty much stayed in the same spot, just watching the sun go down.  I experimented with some long exposures (keeping the camera's shutter open for longer) which smoothes out both the water and the clouds.

  Blue Hour.  Over the years, I've noticed that a lot of people leave after sunset but sometimes there can be beautiful  light after the sun has set.

After we left Cradle Mountain, we drove to St. Helens on the coast in order to photograph the Bay of Fires.

Famous for its crystal-clear waters, white sandy beaches and orange lichen-covered granite boulders, the Bay of Fires is one of Tasmania's most popular conservation reserves. The Bay of Fires conservation area extends along the coast from Binalong Bay in the south to Eddystone Point in the north.  This shot was taken from Binalong Bay.  Its name refers to the Aboriginal fires spotted by Captain Tobias Furneaux when he sailed past in 1773, but it could also apply to the brilliant orange lichen that grows on the granite boulders lining the bay. 

Sunrise at Binalong Bay. We had some pretty nice colours this morning.  I should also add that the weather had improved and it was much warmer than Cradle Mountain.  However, I was still wearing lots of layers at 5 AM in the morning.

One morning we checked out Mt. Paris Dam located along the banks of the Cascade River in North East Tasmania.  The dam is surrounded by ferns and a reclaiming forest.  Construction of the dam began in 1935, and was completed less than a year later in 1936. It was previously referred to as the Morning Star Dam. The dam is the only one of a buttress and slab construction in Tasmania, and one of just a  handful of that construction in the country.

The late 1800s and early 1900s witnessed a major mining boom across the whole North East, with the towns of Derby, Branxholm and Weldborough thriving. ⠀The dam, built for the Mt Paris Tin Mining Company,  played a valuable part in the regions history. It was built entirely by hand and was one of the biggest in the area.  Over 70 men worked construction, with single men accommodated on site, and those married offered camping at a nearby picnic site with their families. Today the Dam is no longer used.  I enjoyed climbing on the rocks and composing different shots.

A wide angle view of the area.

Picnic Rocks, Mt William National Park, Tasmania.
 

 I settled on this compostion, waited for some nice light and did a long exposure.   We had to drive for about an hour to get to Picnic Rocks.  It was a fairly windy night but we found a great spot to shoot behind some boulders which offered us protection.    The drive back to the hotel  was a nightmare and one which I never want to do again.  The problem was that we were going through a forested area in the dark with kangaroos and wallabies and various other animals constantly jumping either at the sides of the road or on the road in front of us.  Fortunately, Alan was a very good driver and is  used to these conditions but it sure scared me.  I told Alan that I did not want to repeat this drive:).  

The next morning we shot sunrise at Binalong Bay at the eastern side of the headland. 

Mathinna Falls.  Mathinna Falls,  is located in the Mathinna Falls Forest Reserve, approximately 10 kms north of Mathinna, Tasmania.  We stopped here on our way to Bicheno.   Bicheno is on the east coast,  185 km north-east of Hobart  on the Tasman Highway, with a population of around 950.  We would be spending a couple of nights here.

For sunset, we drove to Coles Bay and photographed the Hazards.  Taken from Wikipedia: The Hazards are a mountain range located in the Freycinet National Park on the east coast of Tasmania, Australia. The range is positioned between Coles Bay and Wineglass Bay and are said to be named after local whaler, African-American Captain Richard Hazard. The range consists of 5 mountains; Mayson, Amos, Dove, Baudin and Parson.^[2]. Famous features of the park include its red and pink granite formations and a series of jagged granite peaks in a line, called "The Hazards".

Alan and I flew to Launseston, Tasmania and drove to Cradle Mountain/Lake St. Clair.  The following information was taken from Wikipedia.  Tasmania (/tæzˈmeɪniə/;^[11] abbreviated as TAS, nicknamed Tassie) is an island state of Australia. It is located 240 km (150 mi) to the south of the Australian mainland, separated by Bass Strait. The state encompasses the main island of Tasmania, the 26th-largest island in the world, and the surrounding 334 islands.^[12] The state has a population of around 533,308^[1] as of March 2019. Just over forty percent of the population resides in the Greater Hobart precinct, which forms the metropolitan area of the state capital and largest city, Hobart.^[13]

  ^{Overlooking Cradle Mountain from Dove Lake.  The whole area became a national park in 1947.  The structure  is an old boat house.}

We were at the park for three nights and two days and we had all kinds of weather- lots of rain, some snow, wind, clouds and a little bit of sunshine.  We were not able to photograph two sunrises because the road was closed.  There is one m main road going through the park.  Between the hours of 8 AM and 6 PM, no cars are allowed so people take park buses from the ranger station.

One night  we decided  drive up  the road even though it was cold, windy and snowy.  

 I was standing on a platform in a very cold, wicked wind but for a little while we could see the peaks.   The scenery was definitely worth putting up with the harsh weather. 

The next day we decided to do some hiking since the weather was pretty good- it was almost warm with no rain.  The area had plenty of day walks with some great scenery.  You could hike the Overland Track which ends 80 km south of the park and winds through a variety of landscapes.  This wallaby was pretty far away and unfortunately, I did not have my long lens with me.  The most obvious difference between a kangaroo and wallaby is size with the kangaroo normally being much larger.  

Overlooking a  a river on the hike.  The hike we did was from Ronney Creek back to the ranger station.

There was a little bit of mist but it didn't last long.

I liked the way this tree limb looked - I thought it had some character.

There were some nice scenic views that we came across.

The clouds had cleared enough so that we could get a good view of Cradle Mountain.

The first sunrise that we were actually able to shoot was on the last morning.

Wendy and I toured the Great Ocean Road with Alan Barker, an Australian photographer who was recommended to us by Philip Bartlett.   He picked us up in Melbourne and we spend a couple of days driving along the Great Ocean Road.  The road is often referred to as the one of the world's most scenic coastal drives, along the south- eastern  coast of Australia.  

We stopped at Lorne to have lunch and saw these interesting, tame birds outside of the cafe.

We hiked to Lower Kalimna  Falls, Great Otway National Park, which was about 3 km from the parking lot.  The waterfall was very picturesque and quite serene.  There were no other people anywhere around or on the trails.  We did see some Kangaroos at one point.  The younger one was quite timid and kept retreating.  We stopped so it wouldn't feel  threatened.  Shortly, it ran up the sides of the forest in order to follow its mother and stay away from us.  Unfortunately, I wasn't fast enough to get a photo since my camera was in my backpack.

I  liked the same shot in black and white.

   There was a large alcove behind the waterfalls so we could go right behind it for a different prospective.  It wasn't a huge waterfall but it was a nice one surrounded by tall trees and ferns.

After dinner, we went to photograph the 12 Apostles which are part of the Port Campbell National Park.  As the evening progressed,  we did get some very nice colours.

The craggy limestone stacks rise from the southern ocean and were wonderful to photograph.  These pillars were once connected to the mainland cliffs.  Waves and wind carved them into caves, then arches and eventually battered them down into 45 metre tall columns.   

There are actually only eight of the original  twelve Apostles left.  With continual erosion affecting the limestone stacks and cliffs, the number of rock stacks are likely to keep changing.  

We stayed at this location for the entire time watching as the light changed.

The next morning at sunrise we drove to see Tom and Eva.  These are two limestone stacks named after the two teenage survivors of the wreck of the Loch Ard  in 1878.

We also photographed the 2nd Apostle, Razorback.

In 1878, a large clipper ship engraved with the name Loch Ard beached on nearby Muttonbird Island after a tumultuous journey from England.  It was said that the ship enters the waters  on June 1st, at Port Campbell.  The day was particularly dark and misty.   Before the captain realised it, the ship was in shallow waters, collided with a rock reef.   Unfortunately, only two of the fifty-four passengers survived, one of whom was a nineteen-year-old sailor apprentice named Tom Pearce, and the other a nineteen-year-old Irish girl called Eva Carmichael, who was travelling with her family.

London Bridge.   Originally a natural archway and tunnel in an impressive offshore rock formation, London Bridge collapsed in 1990 and became a bridge without a middle. Before the collapse, visitors to the site were able to walk across 'the eastern bridge' that stretched across to the mainland.

In the evening, we went back to shoot sunset at the 12 Apostles (only 8 remaining now).

Wendy and I went on a tour  so we could see some Australian wildlife.   I believe the bird above is called a Cape Barren goose which is a large bird resident in Southern Australia.  We were fortunate in that we were the only two people on the tour and we had a wonderful guide.

Emus are covered in soft fluffy feathers and can grow up to 2m.  They have two sets of eyelids, one for blinking and the other for keeping the dust off. 

Finally we came across this little guy.  The Kaolas are very high up in the trees and hard to see.  Without the guides' help we would probably not have seen any.  These animals feed on eucalyptus trees which have a very high water content so the koala does not need to drink often.   With all of the forest fires, there have been cases when these animals are so thirsty that they have gone up to humans to get a drink of water.  

This Koala started to eat while we watched.  While feeding, a koala holds onto a branch with hind paws and one forepaw while the other forepaw grasps the foliage.  

 Because of the koala's supposed resemblance to a bear, it was often miscalled the koala bear.  The koala's geographic range extends throughout eastern and southeastern  Australia and covers roughly 390,000 sure miles.  The koala was introduced  near Adelaide and on several islands including Kangaroo Island and French Island.

We were lucky to actually see the koala being active.  Because they get so little energy from their  diet, they  limit their energy use and sleep or rest 20 hours a day.  They are predominantly active at night and spend most of their waking hours feeding.  They typically eat and sleep in the same tree, possibly for as long as a day.  The koala hugs the tree to lose heat without panting.

Eventually we left this first koala and went to look for another one.  This guy was sound asleep.  These animals are asocial and spend just 15 minutes a day on social behaviours.  

Koalas may live from 13 to 18 years in the wild.  Our guide told us that some of the provinces have now disallowed the animals in captivity  to be held as it is very stressful for them and can take up to five years off their life.  Koalas usually survive falls from trees and immediately climb back up.  Males may not live as long as females due to their more hazardous lives-i.e. fighting the males.  The  bush fires in Australia have been disastrous for the declining population due to the Koalas  slow movements and the flammability of the eucalyptus trees.  Climate change has also played a factor in their rapidly dwindling numbers.

This last photo was an attempt to show just how high up these guys were.

While we were walking through the bush, our guide pointed out this echidna to us.  He said it was a very rare find.  The  echidna had its head buried to protect itself against us.   You can see it has spines like a porcupine.  It also has a beak like a bird and a pouch like a Kangaroo.   They are small, solitary mammals native to Australia.  

A close up look at the pattern of the spines which are actually modified hairs.   The fur between their spines provides insulation.  

 We spent a few days in Melbourne.  The only city tour we did was an excellent free walking tour.  I didn't take too many photos ( I just had my iPhone on me) because I was actually listening to the guide.  I did take a couple of  happy snaps with with my iPhone when we walked by this bakery.

Melbourne is the capital and most populous city (5 million) of the Australian state of Victoria.  Our hotel overlooked the Yarra River which flows through the city.  Most of the city's attractions are in close vicinity to the river.  We found Melbourne to be a beautiful, friendly city where we felt very comfortable.  

These  next two photos  were made from our hotel balcony as we waiting for blue hour. 

Wendy and I also walked in the city on our own, checking out the various areas.  Street art is very predominant in Melbourne and one of the best places for it is the cobblestoned Hosier Lane.  

We also checked out the free art gallery.  I wasn't that impressed with the art, but I enjoyed photographing some of the architecture.  

Inside the gallery.

We also walked through some botanical gardens.

One of the evenings, we walked down the street of our hotel to shoot Melbourne during the sunset.

It was hard to surpass the adventure of the open door helicopter ride  to  Fox Glacier.  However, we still had a couple of days left to photograph.  

We met the morning after the helicopter ride at 4.45 AM.  We had a short drive from town to get to the parking lot.  We then had a thirty minute hike  to get to Lake Matheson through a dark forest ( it was a long  time before the sun came up).   The lake is famous for  its mirror views of Mount Cook and Mount Tasman.  Apparently, its excellent reflecting properties are due to the dark brown colour of the water.  It certainly was worth getting up early for.  

A different viewpoint.

On our hike out we could actually see some of the scenery.

In the afternoon, a few of us went for a walk in the town of Fox Glacie.  We found  a forest trail that we took.  We ended up walking in a loupe although the original plan had been to see if we could get closer to the Fox Glacier face.  Somewhere we took a wrong turn!

It was fun walking in the rain forest.

We went out for an evening shoot but the weather didn't co-operate so we ended up not getting out of the van.

The next morning, our sunrise shoot was cancelled due to the rain which had started at 2 AM ,  so we all got to sleep in.  I don't think anyone was too unhappy.  Around 9.30 AM we left for Greymouth where we would be spending our last two nights.  Along the way we stopped to photograph the Hokitika Gorge. The blue-green waters of the Hokitika River were stunning.  To the left you can see Nathaniel up on the cliffs photographing.  The only issue was all of the  biting sandflies in the area

In the evening we drove out to Punakaiki to photograph the last light on the Pancake rocks.  Punakaiki is a small community on the west coast of  South Island, between Westport and Greymouth.  The community lies on the edge of the Paparoa National Park.  The Pancake Rocks are a popular tourist destination at Dolomie Point, south of the main village.  The rocks are a heavily eroded limestone area where the sea bursts through several vertical blowholes during high tides.  Although we waited,  we never got to see the large bursts of water.  Even if we had stayed a little longer for high tide, I don't think the water was rough enough to see the bursts of water.   Still the pancake-layering of the limestone  rocks themselves were very interesting.  The layering is created by immense pressure on alternating hard and soft layers of marine creatures and plant sediments.  

There were some nice colours off in  the distance. 

This was the shot of the evening.   We set up our tripods and waited for the light which co-operated.

On our final full day, we met at 5.15 AM to drive to photograph the rugged coastline north of Greymouth, in Paparoa National Park.

After two weeks of spending time in New Zealand, seeing some terrific scenery, making memorable photographs and meeting a great group of people, it was time to drive back to Christchurch to catch a flight to Melbourne.  

This blog is a continuation of the previous one.    Our group went on  helicopters (open door) flying over Fox Glacier.  This Glacier is one of the most accessible glaciers in the world.  You can walk from Fox Glacier Village to its face.  Given its easy access, it is a major tourist attraction and gets about 1,000 tourists a day during peak season.  

Philip had the pilot fly over different areas each time getting fairly close to the ground  before going up again. So there were lots of dips!  

We started to get some colours as the sun was setting.

Though people are told not to, some go beyond the barriers and climb  onto the glacier  (without guides) whose rapid advance helps to create dangers of sudden ice and rockfalls.  I did not see anyone climbing or on the glacier during our thirty minute flight.   Two Australian tourists were killed on January 8th, 2009 when more than 100 tonnes of ice fell on them.  They were not part of a guided group and had crossed safety barriers and walked approximately 500 metres to the terminal face to take photos.  

On November 21, 2015, seven people were killed when a helicopter on a scenic flight crashed on the glacier.  The helicopter was operated by Alpine Adventures. We went with Mountain Helicopters -Philip did say that it was the only company that he would use.  I'm just as happy to have not had this information before I went up but I still would have gone.

We were lucky because the weather was good on our trip- the next day, we could not have gone on our particular excursion given the bad weather (wind and fog).  We actually stayed in the town of Fox Glacier two days just in case the weather did act up.  We ended up going on our flights the first afternoon we were in town.  Philip was in touch with the operator to see when the best time to fly was.  Shortly after we left New Zealand, this area was flooded and there would have been no flights.  

As we made our way back, we flew fairly close over the Fox River which made for some interesting patterns.  

After we landed, we watched the next pair of photographers take off.  This was our helicopter.  The landing pad was in the middle of a field of sheep.

After leaving Wanaka, we drove to Haast.  Haast is a small town on the west coast of South Island.  After dinner,  we went to Ship Creek to photograph sunset.  Ship Creek, Tauparikaka is 20km north of Haast.

Ship Creek consisted of swamp forests and windswept sand dunes.  Most of the group  decided to walk through the swamp forest with its well marked trail.   This photograph gives you a really good glimpse of the what the swamp and the trail  looked like.

I was looking for some plants with a little bit of light on them 

For the first time in New Zealand, I learnt how annoying sand flies could be so I decided that I had enough of the swampy area  and headed towards the beach and sand dunes.  

I was happy to get out of the buggy area and enjoy the setting light on the beach.  

The group was photographing this interesting piece of wood in the water so I joined them.

The next morning we met at 5.30 AM to go back to the same spot as the night before.  Today we walked around the lagoon area.  We didn't get very good light but there was a little bit of mist in the background that helped the photo. 

A few of us walked along the beach before leaving.  

Barbara, a member of our group, from Australia, was enjoying photographing this scenic area.  After leaving, we headed back to the hotel, packed up and started our drive to Fox Glacier.  

One of the highlights of our New Zealand tour was an open door helicopter ride over Fox Glacier.  The group met at 4 PM for safely instructions before everyone went out at different times.  Wendy and I were the second pair to go out.  I sat in front and took a photo of the dashboard as we were about to take off.  There were two seats in the back of the helicopter- Wendy sat behind me and Philip sat beside her giving the pilot instructions of where to fly.  It was very exciting.  

This was one of the first views as we took off.  We flew over the river and up into the mountains.  

It was pretty breathtaking!  I was a bit concerned that it would be cold but other than my hands getting a bit cold, I was fine.  This was definitely the highlight of the trip.  

Fox Glacier, was named after Sir William Fox, New Zealand's prime minister from 1869 to 1872.  Like its twin, Franz Josef, the glacier descends from the Southern Alps down into temperate rainforests just 300 metres above sea level.  The best way to see the glacier is to take a scenic flight.

Fox Glacier is a 13-kilometre-long (8.1 mi) temperate maritime glacier.  It is actually located in Westland Tai Poutini National Park.  The glacier is fed by four alpine glaciers and descends 2,600 M (8,500 ft) on its 13 km journey from the Southern Alps to the coast.

I did have to remind myself to actually slow down on making photos and look around to see the gorgeous scenery.  

To be continued.

Our next stop was Lake Wanaka.

After leaving Queenstown, we drove to Lake Wanaka.  On the way we got out of the car for a short hike.

After an early dinner, we went just outside of town for our sunset shoot.  You can see just  how high the water was.  Because of all of the recent rain, we had to take a few different paths to find a spot to photograph from.

For most of the night, I just stayed in the same spot and photographed the scene under different lighting conditions.   There were some very interesting clouds later on in the evening.

Last shot of the evening.  It was time to head back to the hotel as we were meeting at 5.10 AM for sunrise.  

This morning's shoot was all about the famous lone tree of Wanaka.  This lonely tree framed by the Southern Alps is said to be one of the most photographed trees in all of New Zealand.  We actually had to walk off the beaten path to find this tree as there are no signs with directions.  This first shot was taken at 5.35 AM.

We spend a couple of hours photographing under the different lighting conditions.  The lone tree is right at the foothills of Mount Aspiring National Park, a World heritage Site.  

The colours actually changed quite a bit as different areas of the scene were lit up.  The tree lives in a challenging environment since its roots are often totally submerged by cold water.    

We had gotten to the area very early just in case other photographers showed up but we were the only ones until around 8 am when it was time to go.  I learned that although the tree is in Lake Wanaka, the water levels are often low enough for the tourists to walk through the water and climb the tree which causes a lot of strain to the tree.  The Wanaka tree is a crack willow named for brittle wood that easily breaks.  However, when we were there given the high water levels, the tree appeared safe from climbers.  

 Our group had the rest of the day and evening off which was a well deserved break from all of the early mornings and late nights.  Wendy and I walked around the quaint town of Wanaka and along the lake where people were enjoying the beautiful sunny day.  Soon  after we had left New Zealand, there was a lot of flooding in the area.  Streets in the tourist towns of Queenstown and Wanaka were slowly going under water by Friday, December 6th after Lake Wanaka and Lake Wakatipu had burst their banks earlier in the week, causing major flooding in the towns.  Water and large debris closed the Main Street of Wanaka.  Also, the streets were largely empty and the popular cafes and restaurants were closed.  Also, because of roads being closed, thousands of tourists were stranded in this area. 

Wendy and I walked back to the lone tree in the afternoon. Today  we met at  5 AM  to go and photograph ruins of an old  historic goldfield.  

Another area that reminded me of Tuscany, Italy because of all of the rolling hills.

Soon it was time to head back to the hotel, pack and make our way towards Haast.

On the way we stopped to photograph a beautiful water fall.

To get the best photos, Nathaniel photographed from the water.  

One of the last shots of the evening before heading back.  

We met at 5:25 AM in order to photograph Queenstown.  You can see this resort town in the background of the photo.  The town is built around an inlet called Queenstown Bay on Lake Wakatipu, a long, thin, Z-shaped lake.

We drove up to a spot where we had great 360 degree views.  It was a wonderful (cool) morning with lots of mist and fresh snow on the mountains.

The clouds/fog rolled in and out.    We spent a couple of hours here before heading back to the hotel to get ready to leave for our next destination.  

This morning we met at 5.00 AM to go and shoot the Moeraki Boulders.  These boulders are unusually large and spherical boulders lying along a stretch of Koehohe Beach on the Otago coast of New Zealand between Moeraki and Hampden.  Some of the boulders were in a cluster and some were isolated.

At one point, I was not quick enough to get out of the way and my shoes got soaked.  

After this shoot we went back to the hotel to clean our gear, pack up and make our way to Te Anau where we would arrive  later  in the afternoon.  One way to clean the tripods and get rid of the salt on them was to take them into the showers and rinse them really well with hot water.  

Since we hadn't been getting up early enough,  today we met at 3.30 AM for a sunrise shoot at Milford Sound.  I think a lot of us dozed off in the van.  It was raining when we left the hotel - we did have a two hour drive ahead of us which was the reason for such an early start.  So we were all hoping that the rain would stop but that didn't happen right away.  When we arrived, I went outside briefly and came right back in the van.    Most of the group did go outside and shoot.  I did not want to take a chance on damaging my gear in the pouring rain or getting sick.    Eventually everyone got back in the van (and were pretty wet) and we went to eat breakfast.  Milford Sound is a fiord in the south west of the island within Fiordland National Park.  This above shot was taken once we were on the boat when it was still very windy with rough waters but the rain had pretty much stopped.

We took a boat tour of Milford Sound (which had indoor as well as outdoor seating).  Fortunately, the rain had pretty much stopped so we could go outside and photograph.  Because of all of the rain, we saw lots of fast moving waterfalls.  Milford Sound was described by Rudyard Kipling as the "eighth wonder of the world".  The area was carved by glaciers during the ice ages.

Milford Sound has a mean annual rainfall of 6,412 mm (252 inches) each year and is known as the wettest inhabited place in New Zealand and one of the wettest in the world.    Our whole group loved the boat ride which was just breathtaking with the fiord's cliffs rising vertically from the dark waters.  The waterfalls cascaded downwards from as high as 1,000 metres.  The rainfall creates dozens of temporary waterfalls, as well as a number of major, more permanent ones.  I believe we were told it rains here around 300 days a year.

Milford Sound has been acclaimed as new Zealand's most famous tourist destination.  

After lunch we headed back to Te Anau to dry out.  It started to rain again after lunch.  

In the evening we went on a nearby shoot.  Because of all of the clouds the photographs were all about layers of the mountains.

Last shot of the day before returning to the hotel.  

After our sunrise shoot and breakfast, we left the hotel around 9.30 to continue on to Oamaru for lunch and a walk around the town.  Oamaru is the largest town in north Otago, in the South Island of New Zealand.  Around 4.15 PM, we left the hotel in pouring rain to look for little blue penguins and fur seals.  We sat in the van for at least 15 minutes, hoping the rain would stop and we were fortunate that it did and the sun started to come out.

We did see these fur seals from the cliffs where we were standing.  

I took a quick series of shots.

The Maori name for the fur seal is "kekeno" which means "looks-arounds".  By the close of the 19th century, hunters and sealers had almost driven these animals to extinction.  Fortunately, these fur seals are quite common now and their numbers are growing.  These New Zealand fur seals are excellent swimmers and the pups, once weaned will sometimes travel great distances as far away as Australia.  

We spent quite a while on the cliffs looking for yellow-eyed penguins. Fortunately, we were able to see one.  This species is endemic to New Zealand. Perhaps we only saw one, due to their significant decline over the past 20 years.

The yellow-eyed penguin is considered one of the rarest penguin species in the world and is listed as an endangered species.  

This penguin spent some time just sleeping and enjoying the sun that finally came out.  He totally ignored our group and the other tourists.  I was actually photographing him from a long distance but some of the people were much closer.  We were on a pretty slippery and muddy path so I was happy to stay in one place.  One eye and flipper  opened up.

Back to sleep.  Some individual penguins can live up to the age of 20.

The yellow-eyed penguin cannot be found in zoos because they will not reproduce in captivity.

Our sunset shoot was photographing the hillsides and sheep.

 Philip promised us one chance to photograph sheep.  The sheep are actually everywhere in New Zealand.

The whole area reminded me a bit of Tuscany.

Wendy and I left Sydney on November 11th and flew to Christchurch, South Island, New Zealand to meet up with Nathaniel Smalley for a photography tour.  Christchurch is the largest city of South Island located on the east coast.  The city suffered a series of earthquakes between September 2010 and January 2012 with the worst one occurring on February 22, 2011 where 185 people were killed and thousands of buildings cross the city collapsed or suffered severe damage.  We actually didn't spend any time in the city since we arrived just before dinner time and left the following morning.

After leaving Christchurch on the way to Twizel, we stopped for some happy snaps (i.e. iPhone shots) at the Church of the Good Sheppard.  The church is situated on the shores of Lake Tekapo, surrounded by mountains.  The church was opened in 1935.  The builders were instructed to leave the site undisturbed, in other words the matagouri bushes surrounding the building and the rocks were to be left alone.

It was a beautiful area, well worth a stop.  After exploring the area and taking a few shots, we continued on our route to Twizel, checked into the hotel and left at 4.30 in order to have an early dinner and shoot the last light at Mount Cook.

We ate dinner in a restaurant overlooking the mountains.  Then I went outside and took this shot and the next one with my iPhone.  

This shot with Mount Cook in the background was a panoramic shot.  So I took maybe 5 or 6 shots (verical) and merged the photos together in Lightroom to come up with this really wide angle view. 

Mount Cook is the highest mountain in the continent of Australasia.  Aoraki/Mount Cook National Park is a rugged land of ice and rock with 19 peaks over 3,000 meters including new Zealand's highest peak, Aoraki/Mount Cook (3,724 metres or 12,218 feet).  The park was established in 1953 and forms one of the UNESCO World Heritage sites.  

Just as we were leaving  and walking to the van, we saw the moon rise so we all hurriedly unpacked our tripods to see if we could get the shot.  

We met the next morning at 4.30 AM for our sunrise shoot.  This time we photographed the Southern Alps (Mount Cook National Park) from a different location.   This photo showcases the Tasman River.   The Southern Alps were named by Captain Cook on March 23,  1770.

We stayed in this area for a couple of hours as the light kept changing and there were a lot of different compositions.  I do remember that it was very windy and cold.  After a while, I gave up on using my tripod.  I also went into the van a couple of times to warm up. 

Some of our group went down to the beach to photograph.    I took this shot from above.    The photographer who is closest in the image is Nathaniel Smalley, one of the two photography leaders of the trip.  The other leader was Philip , a local New Zealand photographer.  We also had a driver and there were eight other photographers making up our group of 11 people.  

This was the  view from the other direction (behind the river).  

We were lucky enough to see this rainbow.

There was also some nice pink skies for a little while.

The following morning we met at 5.10 AM for one last sunrise shoot of the alps.

After our last shots, we went back to the hotel for breakfast before leaving for our next destination.

Starbucks is everywhere.

The Cathedral of saint Mary of the Assumption, another beautiful church.

We walked by many sidewalk cafes.

It wasn't too busy in the restaurants since  it was still pretty early.  

I

More old buildings in the city that have either survived the earthquakes or been rebuilt.

Some beautiful light on the city.   Once again we did not get the dramatic skies we were hoping for.

Just before sunset.

We got some beautiful orange colours.

I had taken a photo of this boat earlier on in the day but it looked much better with the evening light.

One more shot of the lighthouse before we left the area.

For a busy harbour, the water was so clear.

There were lots of vendors selling all kinds of goods.

Its always hard to resist taking laundry shots.  This is probably the first time I saw laundry hanging out to dry on a boat.

The building on the left of the lighthouse is the Forks Fortress, built by the Venetians in order to protect the harbour.  

You can see the mountains in the background -it looks like they have snow on them.  

What a great place to go sailing.

A great place to fish.

In the afternoon, we drove to Seitan Limania Beach in Akrotiri which is one of the most beautiful beaches in Greece.

The beach was nestled in a canyon leading out to the sea.   Between the two cliffs was a beautiful white sandy beach leading out into turquoise waters that turned into deep blue as the waters join the sea.   We had driven only 22 km away from Chania to find this gorgeous beach.  

We didn't actually hike down to the beach- the trail down looked very rocky and steep.  We left this beach and went to Stavos Beach where Jane and Laurie went swimming before we returned to Chania.  Stavos Beach was easily accessible from the parking lot.  While they were swimming I relaxed on a lawn chair and watched the people. 

After checking into the hotel, Laurie rented a four wheel vehicle and we left to visit Balos Beach.  The scenery was spectacular.  We soon understood why Laurie had rented the 4-wheel drive.  We ended up driving along a narrow and gravel roadway overlooking the water.

We saw goats everywhere.  I took this shot from the car.

No, the goat didn't eat Laurie's shirt.  He actually was photographing on this hill, lost his balance on the rocks and did a forward somersault, slid on his back and landed just short of this cliff.  Jane and I watched in horror.  Fortunately, the end result was just some minor damage.  If he was in pain, he certainly was a good sport about it.  Any thoughts that I had of climbing to get a better shot quickly disappeared.

Laurie stopped the car a few times for us to photograph.  We had to check out this rocky cliff with the vegetation and gorgeous water below. 

We finally got to the parking lot and made our way along the rocky, dirt path to get a view of the beach.    We came accross people returning from the beach, some riding burros.  

Balos Beach.  We didn't actually climb down which would have taken far too long, and is fairly strenuous on the way up because of the steepness.   The famous lagoon is probably the most photographed beach in Crete.  Prince Charles nd Princess Diana visited Balos with their private yacht. The easier way to get to the beach is by ferry.

in spite of Laurie's fall, he and I did do some climbing but we were very careful.

I don't think I have ever seen such a beautiful beach with the white sand, turquoise waters. and the surrounding beauty.  Although it was fairly crowded on this day, I can only image how busy it would be in the summer.

After climbing safely to the top of this cliff, we stopped to photograph and admire the scenery.  

On the way back we saw a lot more goats in the hills.

We came across this cute little chapel.  

Goats were resting in the shade.

These goats  started to form a  line and follow their leader.  

We ended up eating dinner back in Chania and then finding a location for our sunset shots.

We strolled along the water waiting for the sun to set.  

I liked this simple shot with lots of negative space.

We came across these women who allowed us to take their photographs.  Jane had spotted one of them actually climbing down the rocks and back up again.

Jane and this woman seemed to have no problems communicating in spite of neither speaking each other's language.

By now it was getting pretty close to sunset.

Chania's lighthouse.   The original Venetian lighthouse was built around the late 16th century to protect the harbour.  During the Turkish occupation, the lighthouse fell into disrepair and was eventually rebuilt between 1824 and 1832 during the Egyptian occupation.  The lighthouse was leaning badly due to bombings during WWII and earthquakes but it was extensively renovated in 2005 and now looks as good as new.

We never got the dramatic clouds but it was still a very photogenic scene worth getting up for.

After watching the sun come up, we made our way back to the hotel.

We visited the local market.

This market had all kinds of wonderful food and other items to purchase.  Markets are always great places to people watch and photograph.

Olives are very popular in Greece.

It was pretty busy with the locals doing their shopping.

This vendor was happy for us to take her photograph.  The people in Greece were very friendly and very likely to pose for us when we asked if it was ok to take their photographs.

Markets are definitely one of the most interesting places to visit.

Linens for sale.

The market had pretty much everything for sale, clothes, shoes and all kinds of food.

In the late afternoon, we drove to one of the most famous  tourist villages in Crete called Anogia village.   Laurie had been there many years before and wanted to see if it had changed.  Jane and I were happy to leave the city once again and check out another Greek village.  The village  is perched on the slopes of Psiloritis at an altitude of 700m.  On our way to the village, we stopped to check out this church.

The village is known for its famous Cretan weavings.  In 1944 in Anogia, the "liberation Action Committee" was founded.  The village was the core of the resistance in Crete.  The German general, Karl Kreipe,  was abducted in Anogia, interrogated  and then sent to a POW camp in Canada.  In retaliation for the kidnapping and other resistance moves, the commander of Fortress Crete ordered the demolition of Anogia and annihilation of every male from Anogia in a radius of 1 kilometre.  German troops surrounded the village, arrested 80 elders and sent them to Heraklion and executed nine disabled  persons.  All others were evacuated to the surrounding mountains.  They blew up every single house with dynamite.  About 800 houses became rubble and they burned to death 6 elderly disabled women.  The remaining men fled to Mount Psiloritis to safety.  We were told that the widows began to created linens in order to survive.  This weaving and handicrafts continues to live on in the village.

A look into one of the kitchens through the window.

The small town square was very colourful.

Dinner.

This very nice lady showed us her work.

The villagers had no issues with us taking their photos.

A monument recognizing the contributions of the heroes who died for their country.

Many of the locals were sitting outside in the outdoor cafes.  Notice the telephone booth in the background which appeared to be working.

This women's work was exquisite.  

We finally made it back to our hotel and I took this shot from my balcony.  I had to hand hold  the camera  because my tripod was in the car.  

Laurie and I noticed  that people were still in the bars at this early hour. 

A beautiful scene before the city woke up and the night crowd went home.

We walked around the old town and watched the sun come up.

Around 6.30 we walked  back to the hotel to get breakfast before heading out again.  

After breakfast we went to see the Fortezza Fortress.  This was a view of the city that we came across from the fortress.

The fortress was built by the Venetians in the 16th century in order to defend against Ottoman invasions.    By the early 20th century, many houses were built within the citadel.  They were later demolished during World War 2 leaving only a few historic buildings within the Fortezza.  The structure above is the Sultan Ibrahim Khan Mosque.  

Restoration was started in the 1990's.  

Inside one of the buildings.

Jane photographing inside the building.

From the fortress, there was a great view of the chrystal clear waters.  

One last look at this interesting mosque  and tree before heading out.

Along the way I saw this goat  looking at us when we stopped to look at a view.

A view of the city of Rethymno.  The city has a population of roughly 40,000 people.  Rethymno, was originally built during the Minoan civilization and was prominent enough to mint its own coins and maintain urban growth.  

The old town was almost entirely built by the Republic of Venice and is one of the best preserved ancient  towns in Crete. The town still maintains its old aristocratic appearance, with its buildings dating from the 16th century, arched doorways, stone staircases, Hellenic-Roman remains, the small Venetian harbour and narrow streets.

Later in the afternoon  we walked around the old port and watched the fishermen mend and check their nets.  

It is always hard for me to resist taking photos of dogs.  Often people prefer not to have their photo taken but most people that I have met love having their dogs photographed.    This dog  definitely reminded me of Maggie and Katie.  

A view of the boats and cafes in  the marina.

This was a colourful display enticing people to come into the market and shop.

Another bell tower in golden light.

A beautiful Greek orthodox church.

For sunset we wandered back to the marina area, beside the lighthouse.   The Captain Hook ship sailed into the harbour so it was included in the shot.  The lighthouse is the second largest remaining Egyptian lighthouse in Crete after the lighthouse of Chania harbour.  

Beautiful light on the fishing boats and old town.

Later on we left the busy city to drive to Agios Deka passing olive trees and vineyards along the way.

This small village church was built in the 12th century and is well maintained.

As usual when visiting these small villages, we wandered through the streets.

We met some young kids who were happy to be photographed.

We walked by this goat and stopped to take a photograph.

Then we saw a lot of goats all coming to the fence hoping that we would feed them.

This was an interesting garden complete with an old vehicle.

Our next stop was Agios Nikolaos, a coastal town situated east of Heraklion with a population of around 12,000 residents not including tourists.  This tourist town became internationally well known during the 60's when it was discovered by famous cinema directors (Jules Dassin, Walt Disney etc.),  BBC producers and many others.  Some of the productions filmed here were: He Who Must Die, The Moon Spinners, and the TV series The Lotus Eaters.  Daphne du Maurier's short story Not After Midnight was set in and around the town.

We couldn't resist photographing this man mostly sleeping until he saw us and used his hand to gesture- probably telling us to go away and let him sleep.

We walked down to the marina  to look at some of the boats where we admired this wooden schooner.  

A photograph of the cliffs leading to the sculpture in the background.  

It was a beautiful day for sunbathing on the beach.  Like most of the beaches we saw in Greece, you could rent umbrellas and chairs.

After leaving the town, we saw more fields of olive trees and mountains in the distance. 

Tonight's sunset shoot was at the harbour at Sissi.  We found it to be a picturesque humble village where we sat outside and enjoyed a delicious dinner.  The little village was located 45 km east of Heraklion.

During the years of the Cretan Revolution (1866 - 1869), Sissi was an important strategic location for uploading guns and munitions against the rebels.  

I stayed in the same location and photographed as the light changed.

The last shot of the evening before driving back to the hotel.

Our hotel was located on the main square so we were able to walk to the old town and the Venetian harbour.  We came across fisherman cleaning and checking their nets after returning from their fishing expedition.  

This structure is called the Koules or Castello a Mare (Fort on the sea in Italian).  It is a fortress located at the entrance of the old port of Heraklion, Crete.  It was built by the Republic of Venice in the early 16th century and is still in good condition.    The walls are up to 8.7m thick in certain places and it has three entrances.  The fort has 2 stories with a total of 26 rooms which were originally used as barracks, a prison, storage rooms, a water reservoir, a church, a mill and a bakery.  The fortress has been restored and is now open to the public for art exhibitions and cultural activities.  

It was a beautiful, warm day for fishing.  

 We walked along the walkway for quite a distance to get different views and enjoy the weather.

You can see just how far this walkway goes.  

We ended up walking in the downtown area and the Lakkos district and having lunch along the way.  This building was the church of St. Titus.  The great earthquake of 1856 totally destroyed the church.  It was rebuilt as an Ottoman mosque.  The minaret of St Titus was demolished in the 1920's when the last Muslins left Heraklion with the exchange of population between Greece and Turkey. Today the church is an Orthodox Church dedicated to St Titus the Apostle.

The old city hall.  The Loggia was an essential public building in every Venetian city.  The newly independent Cretan state proposed to use the building as an Archaeological Museum.  An earthquake made the building unsafe so that idea was abandoned.  In 1904, the first floor was demolished.  Following the end of the second world war, the restoration started again.  In 1987, this building was awarded the prize for the most successful restoration of a historical building. 

Lions square, a great place to people watch and eat lunch.

Inside the Agios Minas  Cathedral.  The church was full of very beautiful and ornate chandeliers.

Agios Minas is a Greek Orthodox cathedral located in the centre of Heraklion and it is the patron saint of the city.

The area of Lakkos in Heraklion is one of the most up and coming districts in the city.  After a long period of neglect and public unawareness, it is once again full of life, art and interesting cultural events.

Different volunteer groups and the Municipality of Heraklion work together to renovate the area and preserve the history.  They paint old walls, decorate walls with street art and organize exhibitions and performances around the area.

Originally, the neighbourhood had narrow streets full or hashish smoke, music, immigrants, red lights and shady people.  Before the project began in 2015, approximately 50% of the area was abandoned. Although the project started by painting old houses with specifically chosen historical accurate colours, this turned out to be  an impossible task since the paints were received as donations.  So the project became more about doing murals and street art.

In the late afternoon, we visited the Knossos Palace.   Knossos is the largest Bronze Age archaeological site on Crete and has been called Europe's oldest city.  The palace of Knossos eventually became the ceremonial and political centre of the Minoan civilization and culture.  

In its peak the palace and surrounding city boasted a population of 100,000 people shortly after 1,700 BC.  The excavation occurred in three separate periods beginning  in 1900 and ending in 1970.

 We  chose to photograph the fortress after dinner.  We never got the dramatic skies but we had a great subject.

I guess this local was wondering what I was photographing.  He kind of just popped out of nowhere.

On the drive we came across a field of what Jane thought were Queen Anne's Lace. 

We stopped the car to check out this view of the landscape.

Eventually we made it to the beach.  There are actually three beaches at Paliohori.  The one in the middle is the bigger one and the most popular.  These beaches have deep crystal clear water.   Hot  water arises from the earth in several spots in the water which makes these beaches very unique.  You can see the sign "caution".  What I liked were the colourful volcanic rocks- you can see red, yellow, brown and white colours.  There was no one else around as it was only 8.30 in the morning.

An old cave in the area which we did not go in.

After leaving the beach, we drove to Plaka which is a well-preserved village and the capital of Milos.    As with many Greek villages, it was built like a maze of alleys to confuse pirates.

We wandered around the windy streets exploring the town.

We finally found a great place for brunch with a beautiful view of this church on the hill.  Even though it was a Sunday, painters were working on the structure.  

Another view from the restaurant.

After Brunch we continued walking through the village.

At some point, Laurie got a phone call from the hotel manager wondering where we were.  We were supposed to check out by noon but we thought it was 2 PM.  Apparently a young family was waiting for the rooms so the hotel was very unhappy with us.  So at that point we left the town to check out.  After checking out we made one more stop at Sarakiniko (see prior blog) before heading out to see a few more towns before catching our late afternoon  flight to Crete.

Our first stop was the beach at Plathiena.  This is the view of the beach from the road above.   The water was chrystal clear and the beach was not too crowded.

There were a few people in the water.

After leaving Plathiena, we headed to the traditional fishing  village of Fourkovouni on the northern side of Milos.   We  had sailed by this village the day before.  We wandered around the houses and did not see one person.  

Its hard to believe just how clear the water was.  

The architecture was very similar to the other villages we had visited.  The only difference is that this community seemed to be a ghost town.  There were no tourist facilities anywhere around unlike the other villages we had seen.

Laurie and Jane enjoying looking for subjects to photograph.  Soon it was time to make our way to the airport.  The airport in Milos was small, had no air conditioning and looked like it had never been updated since it was built-maybe in the 50's?  When we went through fairly lax security, there was only one person on duty.  After we had gone through, there was a small waiting room however we were not allowed to stay in it for long as they wanted the room for passengers on another flight.  So we had to stand outside waiting.  Of course the flight was late coming in so we waited a long time standing outside before walking a long way to get on the small plane which would take us to Athens where we waited a couple of hours for our flight to Crete.

We spent a day sailing around the island on the Odysseus A, a 23.8m long schooner.  The ship easily fit 40 people or so but we only had about 25 people including the crew.  

This gentleman was a real character.  He told us he was the captain of the boat and we believed him!  He sure looked like he could have been.  

We never actually figured out what he did but painting and construction work was a good guess.

The cruise took off late because of some damage from the night before.  I seemed to remember something about another boat getting too close to the yacht  and the resulting  wake did some minor damage to the gangplank.   So while waiting we walked around the port of Adamas, which is the main port on the island of Milos.  We ended up being in Adamas a few times- this is where our ferry arrived and where we ate a few meals.  As the largest village on the island, there were a lot of restaurants and hotels.

The scenery was pretty spectacular and the day started off warm and sunny.

We spent the next several hours cruising around the island.  Unfortunately, it was not windy enough to sail so boats' engines were used.  On the boat, we took photographs, relaxed, visited with people from all over and had a delicious buffet lunch.

At times we sailed pretty close to the cliffs so we could get a great view of the geology of the area.  One of the crewman gave a commentary about what we were seeing which was very interesting.  There were some other boats in the area that we came across.  

During the cruise, there were at least four stops where people could go swimming and snorkelling.  Apparently the water was cool but quite refreshing.  

Here we sailed by a small, hidden beach used by locals.   I'm not sure I would have wanted to be climbing up and down the ladder.

We came across some really neat rocks.  The one in the middle reminded me of a sail boat.  There were sea caves all over the island.  Many of the rocks were used by pirates for shelter.  The colours of the rocks comes from the rich mineral deposits.  

I took this close up photo of these basalt formations which I found very interesting.  More than 90% of all volcanic rock on earth is basalt.  Basalt lava has a low viscosity (because of its low silica content) so this results in rapid lava flows that spread over vast areas before cooling and solidifying.  So the result are the formations above.  

We sailed past the fishing village of Fourkovouni where we would end up seeing the next day.   

We passed by an old mining operation.  Milos has often been overlooked in the past as  as an industrial island and not a tourist attraction.    The natural resources have been profitable since the ancient Greeks dug for obsidian which is a black mineral.  Obsidian is hard, brittle and amorphous.    In the past it was used to manufacture tools and has been used experimentally as surgical scalpel blades.   Today Milos has silver, bauxite and kaolin mines and the world's second largest mine for bentonite which is used in cement.  The tourist have also come but compared to Santorini, the island was very quiet.

Towards the end of the day, the clouds started to roll in and it cooled down quite a bit.  Many people ended up inside trying to warm up.   In the meantime we sailed by The Arkoudes.  These are a group of rocky islets.  The rock above appears to show an opening mouth, a nose, eyes, ears and a body that looks like a bear.  Therefore, it is called bear rock.  The rock is about 20 feet high and the only way to see them is by boat.  

These natural sculptures are near Plathenia Beach and the entrance of the bay of Milos.  This formation looks like a rabbit.  

Could this be a pirate ship?

After a wonderful day cruising around the island, we headed back to the hotel.  As we saw these wonderful colours,  Laurie stopped the car so I could take a quick photo.

 Waves driven by north winds shape the greyish-white volcanic rock  into amazing shapes, and the area is often compared to a moonscape.

 The local people often refer to the scenic landscape of Sarakiniko as Lunar.   The bone-white beach derives its unusual characteristics from the erosion of the volcanic rock by wind and wave.   Sarakiniko is one of the most photographed landscapes in the Aegean and I could see why.

It sure looked moonlike to me apart from the people!

The white sandstone looks like a lunar landscape. 

I came across this great swimming hole but I didn't wait around to see if the swimmer actually went in.

What a great place to sit and enjoy the scenery.   We got some great  orange and yellow colours at sunset.  It wasn't so easy to find a composition that I liked though.

 I preferred this photo to the one above.

I'm sure this is similar to scenery in  Utah or the southwest.    The water was behind me in this and the next shot.

We came back the following morning at sunrise.  The yellow beam of light to the left was Laurie running down the path with a speed light.   

There were actually a few people around in spite of the early hour.

The morning light on the rocks that I  photographed the night before.  We didn't get the dramatic skies but it was still a nice scene.  

Once the sun came up, there was some nice golden light on the rocks.

The last morning shot before we left the area.  Sarakiniko was named for Saracen pirates who would hide their boats under the white cliffs that remind people of whipped cream. 
On our last day on the island we came back to do some mid-day shooting.

Now we could really tell what a popular swimming and beach spot this was.  I should add that although it was warm outside, the water was not that warm since it was the beginning of the season.  

I really enjoyed looking at the beautiful shades of water.

We stayed in the town of Pollonia- at the northeastern tip of the island (see map above).    The town is a quiet fishing village.   We ate dinner in a traditional tavern on the waterfront which was pretty typical for the majority of our meals.  I really don't remember eating indoors much at all, apart from breakfast.

We were up early to shoot sunrise- however, the spot where we went  was in walking distance of our hotel which meant we didn't have to get up quite as early. 

The golden light was nice on the rocks.  You can see that this was not a beach for swimming- it was quite the rugged coastline.

I thought this was a very interesting rock formation.

A local fisherman

The photo was taken just down the road from the hotel.

This was the hotel we stayed in.  We did have some challenges such as hot water (non existent at times) and a slow internet.  However, I had a large suite wth a beautiful view of the water.

In the afternoon we drove to the  tiny fishing port  of Areti.    This was one of the viewpoints on the drive.

Areti  turned out to be a small fishing port with a few buildings with boat garages.  You can see just how chrystal clear the water was.

There were a few painters that we observed for a few minutes.

Our late afternoon visit was to Klima, a well known colourful seaside village.  A long strip of multi-colored traditional fishermen houses, known as “syrmatas” lie along Milos Bay.  The houses were initially painted different colors so they're easily recognizable by their owners. The two-story design is very practical – the bottom serves as the boat garage and kitchen, while the second floor makes for a great living space.

It was a very colourful village.

The village is a a very popular spot for tourists so we did see the locals working on various construction projects as well as painting.   The colourful houses and their reflections  were nice to photograph.

Laurie and Jane both finding different subjects to photograph.  Jane was enjoying photographing the ducks but I'm not sure what Laurie was looking at.

The light got more interesting later on in the afternoon so I concentrated more on photographing the water and sky.

Next stop was sunset at Sarakiniko.

Every direction that we looked at had great views.  This direction was the focus of my shots for the actual sun rising.

The castle of Agios Nikolaos is carved in a rock.  The castle dates back to the 15th century during pirate raids.  The castle had an excellent viewpoint and was well fortified.  There were also beautiful  residences inside owned by the Venetian rulers at the time.  At the present time, because of the destruction of the 1956 earthquake when great parts of the settlement collapsed into the sea, there is only part of the watchtower left.  Apparently this is a very popular spot for sunsets.  We tended to avoid the area at that time due to the crowds.  This photo was made just as the sun was hitting the castle.

We stayed in this area for most of the early morning light.

The photographer allowed us to photograph his model.

We kept walking in the village of Oia exploring different parts while the light was still good.  This shot was taken around 7.30 am.  We had been out shooting since 5.30 am.  This is the best time to wander in the streets before too many tourists are out.

One more beautiful church to photograph in the nice light.

In the late morning we went to the coastal town of Kamari.  The beach was covered with black pebbles.  Once an agricultural and fishing village, today the town has a thriving tourist industry with lots of shops, restaurants, bars and hotels.

People could rent the lounge chairs along the beach.   One of the many restaurants beside the beach.  

This gentleman was working on the beach and allowed us to take his photograph. 

After eating at the beach area, we walked in the town where we saw a priest riding the bells.  We thought it might be a Greek wedding because of a trail of petals on the street but we never saw any evidence of the ceremony so it must have been some other celebration.  

As usual, we explored the area and wandered around the streets.  Like in some of the other villages, we came across buildings that had been damaged by the 1956 earthquake and had not been repaired.  

For out last sunset on the island, we travelled to the Akrotiri lighthouse, a 19th century lighthouse built by a French company in 1892. This is one of the oldest lighthouses in Greece and stopped operations during World War II. The lighthouse is famous for its sunset views!

It was an incredible sunset- this shot was taken looking behind me.

The lighthouse gets its name from the nearby ruins of a Minoan town that was lived in as early as 4,000 BC.  Originally using light that was created from oil, it became powered by electricity in 1983.  You can see the rectangular house attached to the lighthouse where the lighthouse keeper lived.

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Not a bad way to end our time in Santorini.  The next day we took the ferry to the island of Milos.  Instead of meeting at 5 AM to shoot sunrise,  we slept in, packed and checked out.  We arrived at the ferry terminal in plenty of time.  We had assigned seats on the ferry -there was some mixup as other people seemed to have the same assigned seats.  Eventually, we got it sorted out.  The ferry was absolutely packed and we didn't move from our seats until we disembarked.

We were back at Oia for our morning sunrise shots.  

We got some beautiful pastel colours in the sky.

We had seen this dog wandering around the town the previous day.  He found a comfortable spot.

You know it was pretty early in the morning when you didn't have the tourists in your shots. This shot was taken just before 7 am.

The views from Oia were just spectacular.  It is easy to see why this town is so crowded.

It was a pleasure walking around early in the morning before the tourists were up and about.  

Taking a peak into this person's terrace we saw an interesting sculpture.  The nice light made the scene picture worthy.

I really liked this view a lot.  I was thinking it would make a terrific place to come for sunrise which we did the next day.  

  One last shot before we headed back to the hotel for breakfast and a rest before heading out to our next location.

We ended up in the  Vlichada port and beach community located on the south coast of Santorini.  Some of the fishing boats were pretty colourful.

We walked around the port watching some of the fishermen checking their nets  and cleaning their fish.

Later in the afternoon, we drove to the south shore of the island to visit both the Red and Black beach.  The red beach is one of the most famous and beautiful beaches in Santorini.  

The beach's sand is composed of black and red pulverized volcanic rock from the nearby Santorini caldera.  The area is prone to landslides.  The beach was not easy to access, however there were people who did make the trek to the beach.  We were not one of them!

You can see all of the fallen rocks in the area.

We ended up at Black Beach to shoot the sunset.  Unfortunately, we didn't get the colours we were hoping for.  Still it was a nice scene.

This morning we went to see the town of Emporio.  We arrived in time to watch this fisherman unloading his catch.  The cats were hoping for breakfast!

Emporio is the largest village of Santorini, situated at the centre of the south part of the island, about 12 kilometres from Fira (see map above).  Emporio means trade which was appropriate for this town which used to be the centre of the commercial business in the past.   As we wandered in and out of the narrow streets, we came across beautiful houses and yards.   

We were wondering why there were so may doors so close together.

We were all wondering why there were so many doors in close proximity  for the house on the right.

One of the many streets we walked in.

Some nice early morning light.

 The residences were all very close together.  We rarely saw people so they must have all been at work.

What I really enjoy doing when I'm in these  villages and the small towns  is just wandering in the streets.

This is exactly how I would picture a scene from a small Greek village.

We finally came across a Grreek woman returning from the market. 

The local beach scene.  

After having a morning break at our hotel, we headed out to visit Messaria-located almost at the centre of Santorini.  Part of the village is built on the caldera offering a great view of the volcano and the Aegean Sea. The definition of a caldera is: a large volcanic crater, especially one formed by a major eruption leading to the collapse of the mouth of the volcano.   As you can see the village had some windmills that were no longer active.

Of course we came across another beautiful church with its blue dome.

The village dates back to the 17th century.  In the 19th century, it was the industrial centre of the island.  

We just wandered in the streets looking at the houses and gardens. It was quite a picturesque village.  I'm always on the lookout for these types of laundry scenes.  The bougainvillea was a bonus.

We came across these holes or small caves  in the volcanic rock where we saw all of these birds taking advantage of the offered protection.

For our evening shots, we drove to the southern mountains in the centre of the island to see Exo Gonia and Pyrgos. Exo Gonia is a small, peaceful and traditional village  built in the rear of Pyrgos.  The old monastery was founded around 1705 and played a substantial role in ensuring the continuity of Greek education on the island. The church also contributed to the 1821 war of Independence.  The monastery was dissolved in 1833, demolished 1893 and the present parish church pictured above was built on the site in 1941.  With one exception, it is the only church with a tiled roof in contrast to the other churches on the island.  

Locals and tourists enjoying the beautiful day.    These villages have been spared the terraces, balconies, infinity pools and hotels that are pictured in the glossy magazines featuring Santorini.  Over the years, some of the beautiful mansions have been restored to operate as luxury accommodations.    The scenery is definitely more subdued, less picture perfect and not as advertised.  I very much doubt that the tourist ships bring people here.  It was very quiet walking in the streets.

Of course there were still some touristy shops and I saw this cat hiding under one of the tables

Another residence that was typical of the houses that we saw in the smaller villages.

Pyrgos is the best preserved medieval settlement on the island.

The old church that we hiked up to to get our sunset view.  Pyrgos is at the highest point of Santorini with beautiful panoramic views which made the hike worthwhile.  

In the morning we went to Oia for sunrise.  Laurie pointed out to us that because this iconic spot was so busy at sunset, he much preferred the spot at sunrise.  We did notice how quiet the village was- we saw hardly any people out which was not too surprising since it was 5.45 AM.  As you can see the lights of the city were still on.   The town is noted for its white and blue domed houses.  The houses are painted in white lime water so that the rainwater which falls over it runs down and can be collected.  Another reason for painting the houses white is for the aesthetic purposes.  One other explanation is that during the Ottoman rule of Greece which lasted for four hundred years, Greeks were not allowed to fly their white flag.  So in defiance, the houses in Oil were painted in white with domes.  

The sky was on fire this morning.  

A close up example of the white buildings with the blue dome.  The rising sun gave the white buildings  a pink colour cast.  

These cliff homes built into the niches carved into the caldera slopes helps to provide insulation benefits to the buildings by keeping them warm in winter and cool in the summer months.

This photo was made just as the sun lit up the bell towers and the tops of the buildings in the distance.  

In the late morning we visited the town of Megalochori.  The town is located in the southern part of the island- see the map.  This village is a very quiet traditional village sitting on a hill facing to the east of Santorini.  We ended up walking all around the small town.

Once again, there were many white buildings and churches in the village.  

Another white church with blue dome which were so abundant and colourful in Santorini.

There were many old traditional houses in the village and we wandered around the maze of winding cobbled streets.  

The Megalochori bell tower.  

In the  afternoon, we headed to Ammoudi Bay which is located in the most northern part of the island (see map).  

The bay is well known for the 200 plus  steps leading up to the town of Oil on the cliffs above.  You could either walk up the stairs, take donkeys or in our case  just admire the view.  

As you can see the bay is surrounded by striking red cliffs and white-washed buildings so typical to Santorini.  The waters were crystal clear.  The bay was the main port of Oil during the 19th and 20th century where all of the trade and commerce took place.

We walked along the trail to get a different viewpoint.

For sunset we drove back to Firosterfani.    Although this village is considered a separate settlement, it really is an extension of Fira.  

 We were not the only ones watching the sunset.

We stayed around until blue hour.  As you can tell the days were very long with getting up in time for an early sunrise and staying until past sunset.  

On May 23rd 2019,  I left Milan, Italy and flew to the island of Santorini in Greece, via Athens.  I stayed at the Lilium Hotel in Fira before transferring to a different hotel where the group was staying.  I was joining a photography tour: Photography Workshop Adventures (PWA) led by Laurie Cohen. 

I arrived in time for sunset and saw this view from the hotels' terrace.  The cruise ship was one of many that we would see during out stay.  We were told that Santorini actually started to limit the number of cruise ships allowed to the island to restrict the number of people in the streets. 

As I usually do, I arrived a day early for the tour.  The hotel provided a shuttle service into Fira (see halfway down the map) so after breakfast, I went into the town to explore on my own.  Fira is a city of white-washed houses built on the edge of a cliff. There was a young couple who also came into town from the hotel.  I ended up walking with them on the Fira-Oia hike which is one of the highlights of visiting Santorini.  The hike took us along the caldera cliff and through the villages of Fira, Firosterfani, Imerovigli, and Oia.  I almost made it to Oia before I turned back after a few hours.

There were so many hotels with beautiful terraces overlooking the water.  The many hotels are a necessity because of all of the tourists arriving in the summer months.  Fortunately, we were just ahead of tourist season but it was still crowded.

Walking along the trail were magnificent views. 

On the right side of the photo is the main  road  beside the towns.  In the far distance you can see the small town of Oia.  Both  the  blue sky and ocean were incredibly blue.   

When walking you could see into people's "back yards".  There would not be a lot of privacy if you lived along the path but the gorgeous views might be worth it.

Skaros Rock is a large rock promontory on the Agean sea.   The formation was created through the volcanic activity of the nearby Santorini caldera.  Given the elevated position of the rock, it made a great defensive fort initially used in the early 13th century by the Byzantine Empire.  I didn't actually hike down to the rock which would have taken an additional hour or so.

It was like my camera had a mind of its own- it would not stop taking photos of this beautiful island. 

Even though the tour had not officially started, Laurie picked me up at my hotel and we went to dinner at the Santos winery where we had magnificent views at sunset.

We started the official tour the next day and walked in the town of Fira.  This was the main road -part of the hiking trail.  So although it was midday, you can see that it was busy but not overly crowded to the point where you could not walk without bumping into someone.  In high season, this would not be the case.  The cruise ships bring in thousands of tourists which is great for business but not good for walking.

A church reflected in a hotel window.

Normally, you would see cruise ships way below the town.   The ships use tenders to get the people to land.  Since the initial tender boats coming into Fira are reserved for the passengers taking the excursions, it could take a while to get into town if you had not booked an excursion.   Once you get to land you can take the cable car up to town or you can take burros.   Of course there is also the option of walking up substantial flights of stairs.   

One of the more colourful churches in town.  I'm not sure where I have seen more churches than on the Greek  islands we visited.

In the late afternoon, we walked in Imerovigli for a welcome dinner and terrific views.  All of the villages had lots of hills so perhaps it was more of a trek than a walk. 

As we were walking, the fog rolled in and it became difficult to see much of anything.

The sun  came out suddenly and lit up the village and cliffs.  This view was from our restaurant- fortunately we were pretty close to the railing and there was a space for us to get the shot.

Sunset from the same area.  We were so lucky that the fog lifted and we had great colours afterall.

We waited for the lights to come on before leaving for the evening.  We actually had quite a walk back to the car.  Parking was not always so easy in the town.

On November 4th, 2019 I flew to Sydney Australia for a 5 week adventure.   My sister, Wendy who lives in Vancouver would be joining me for most of the time.   I started in Toronto, flew to Montreal (yes, wrong direction but that is what happens when you use points to fly), caught a flight to Vancouver and just before midnight (same day) flew to Sydney.  I left for the Toronto Pearson Airport around noon  and arrived in Sydney, Australia on November 6th (two days later) at 10.30 am Australian time.  The approximate flying time was 22 hours.  Fortunately, I was able to get some sleep on the flight to Sydney and it didn't seem  difficult to adapt to the new time zone.  However, arriving back in Toronto was a different story!

After checking into our hotel and getting organized, Wendy and I went for a tour of the famous Opera House.  The Sydney Opera house cost $102 million (estimate was $7m) to build.   The majority of the project was funded by a state lottery.   Construction was expected to take four years but ended up taking fourteen years.  233 designs were submitted in the Opera House international design competition and the winner was announced in 1956- Jorn Utzon from Denmark who received 5,000 pounds for his design.  

We walked through the botanical gardens in the late afternoon.    It was interesting to note that the photographer was using his phone to photograph instead of the camera.  However, perhaps it was one of the ladies cellphones.

I liked the idea of photographing the women from the back to show off  their  hats.  Wendy and I both had the same idea at the same time.

The day after we arrived in Sydney we took a day tour to the Blue Mountains, a mountainous region about 50 km (31 mi) from Sydney.  The area was listed as a World Heritage Area by UNESCO on November 29, 2000.  We just saw a very small part since the area totals approximately 10,000 square kilometers (3,900 square mi).  We did some hiking and of one of the hikes was to see the waterfall pictured above.  

A vist to the Blue Mountains is not complete without seeing the Three Sisters, formed by land erosion.   We chose to take the tour which would arrive in the area in the early evening so we would have some nice light.   The sandstone of the Blue Mountains was eroded over time by wind, rain and rivers, causing the cliff's surrounding the Jamison Valley to be slowly broken up.   The legend is that the three sisters lived in the valley, fell in love with three men from the neighboring Nepean tribe but marriage was forbidden by law.  The brothers decided to capture the sisters which caused a major tribal battle.  In order to protect the sisters, an elder turned them to stone but naturally he was killed in the fighting and no one else could turn them back.  

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A photograph of the hills taken just before sunset.

Wendy and I visited  the well known Bondi Beach.   We walked along the 3.7 mile ocean walk taking in the beaches, cliffs and various viewpoints.  It was a beautiful, warm day so there were a lot of people taking advantage of the weather.  

Later in the afternoon, we ended up taking a bus to Watson's Bay where we could see Sydney Skyline in the distance.  We enjoyed fish and chips on the pier before catching a ferry back to Sydney.

A photo from the ferry as we approached the city.

One night we decided to photograph the city from the  open rooftop of the hotel we were staying in.  The Danish designer of the Opera House, Utzon, found himself in conflict with the new Minister of Public Works (Hughes) who had no interest in art, architecture or aesthetics.  Attempting to  rein in the escalating cost of the project, Hughes began questioning  Utzon's capability, designs and cost estimates, refusing to pay running costs.  In 1966 after a final request from Utzon that plywood manufacturer Ralph Symonds should be one of the suppliers for the roof structure was refused, Utzon resigned from the job and left Australia.  When Utzon left, the shells were almost complete and costs amounted to only 22.9 million.  Following major changes to the original plans for the interiors, costs finally rose to $103 million.  Sadly, Utzon never saw the completed Opera House.  When the Opera House was finally completed in 1973 and opened by Elizabeth II, not only was the architect not invited to the ceremony, his name was not even mentioned.   However, later on he was recognized when he was asked to design updates to the interior of the opera house.  

The view of the bridge, the harbour and the nearby Sydney Opera house is regarded as an iconic image of Sydney.

A view of North Sydney.  One evening we would photograph sunset from North Sydney looking towards our hotel.

We stayed on the rooftop  and photographed until the  blue hour- the sun was below the horizon and the residual, indirect sunlight takes on a predominately blue shade.  What happens is that " the sun is far enough below the horizon so that the sunlight's blue wavelengths dominate due to the Chappuis absorption caused by ozone".   It sounds complicated- basically, blue hour occurs after the sun has set or before the sun has risen.

One day, we took a 30 minute ferry boat ride from Circular Quay to Manley Beach where there were lots of shops, restaurants, night clubs and bars.  

We  spent the morning at Manley Beach, walking in the town and along the ocean way passing Fairy Bower and Shelley Beach.  

This photo overlooking Sydney was taken from Macquarie's Road. The road was built between 1813 and 1818 and ran from the original Government House to Mrs. Macquarie's Point.  Major-General Lachlan Macquarie, Governor of New South Wales from 1810 to 1821 had the road built for the benefit of his wife as she was known to visit the area to enjoy  the panoramic views of the harbor.  

The next set of photos were taken from the other side of the bridge-in North Sydney. There  was enough of a break in the clouds to get some beautiful colors in the sky and water.  

Blue hour from the same position.  The Sydney Harbour bridge was designed and built by a British firm and opened in 1932.  The bridge is the sixth longest spanning-arch bridge in the world.

We waited until the lights from the city came on.

The last shot of the evening.   

The next  morning we walked across the Sydney Harbour bridge to the north side (where we had photographed the evening before).  Adjacent to the road traffic, there is a path for pedestrian use which runs along the eastern side of the bridge. As you can see, Sydney is a popular spot for cruise ships.  

Another photograph taken from the bridge.

While walking along the beach in North Sydney, we came across wedding photos being taken.  

On our last night in Sydney, we went back to photograph the harbour from a different area.   Wendy loved the purple flowers on the Jacaranda trees.  The tree is actually a sub-tropical tree native to south-central South America.  Australia has had problems with this tree as it prevents growth of native species.  We saw them everywhere in Sydney.

Blue Hour.

Time to say goodbye to Sydney as the following morning we were flying to New Zealand to begin a two week photography tour.  

The  fruit was delicious.  I hadn't had pomegranates in years.

I should have taken notes at the meals because I cannot remember what some of the dishes and desserts were.

Morocco's national dish is tangine  and it became one of my favorite Moroccan dishes.  Tagine is a clay cooking pot with a conical top as shown above.  Tagine is the dish that is cooked in the pot- the ingredients can be beef, lamb, chicken, veggies etc. and I think we tried them all.  This is a slow cooking method which makes resulting dish very tender and flavorful.

Shish kebab, also known as brochettes are also very popular.  The chicken, lamb or beef kebabs are rubbed in salt and spices, then grilled over a charcoal fire.  They were delicious.  

We had lots of vegetables at all of the meals.

Salads in Morocco were made up of vegetables, either raw or cooked, hot or cold, flavored with different herbs and spices and served with a main course such as tagine or couscous.  Sometimes hard boiled eggs and potatoes were added.

The oranges were so sweet. The apples with cinnamon on top were also excellent.

Moroccan pizza.  We stopped in a village for lunch and had a delicious pizza which is very different than your normal pizza.  I can't remember what ingredients were inside but I'm thinking cheese and eggs.  By the way I also had regular, thin crust pizza a few other times and I have to say the pizza was the best I've ever tasted (better than Italian pizza). 

We celebrated Pauls' birthday one night when we were staying in a desert camp.  We didn't have a traditional birthday cake but this was just as good!

A vegetable tagine.  

These were the best french fries ever!  We ended up coming back to this restaurant two days in a row and ordered the same thing since the food was so good.  I could have just eaten the  french fries for lunch- actually that is probably what I did do along with bread and olives.   

I'm thinking that on top of this dish were date truffles- a delicious blend of dates, nuts and cocoa powder but I'm not 100% sure.  

That gives you an idea of some of the food we ate.  I am hoping to return to Morocco one day and join Rosa on another one of her trips to see some different areas and perhaps some of the same places.

Today was our last day in Essaouira  before we headed back to Marakesh.  You can see from above that the road from Essaouira to Marrakech is a straight line.

After leaving the harbour we made our way to the Medina.

Colourful bowls for sale in the Medina. 

We stopped off at restaurant for lunch in the old town.   The owner's dog was very hopeful.

There were lots of cats in this town as well.

Kids playing in the old fortress. 

A photographer friend of Rosa's met us to guide us through the Medina after lunch.  It would have been so easy to get lost in the narrow alleyways which was true for all of the medinas we went to in Morocco.  

We spent the next couple of hours wandering the streets and alleyways.

A colorful old door.

Rosa's friend took us into a Riad where we could go to the rooftop  to take photos.  

It was very nice when people didn't mind having their photos taken.  

I went inside an old synagogue.  Mohammed III encouraged Moroccan Jews to settle in the town and handle the trade with Europe.  Jews once occupied 40% of the population and the Jewish quarter (or mellah) contains many old synagogues.  The town also has a large Jewish cemetery.  The city flourished until the caravan trade died (superseded by  direct European trade with sub-Saharan Africa).  So changes in trade, the founding of Israel and the resulting wars with Arab states plus the independence of Morocco all resulted in Sephardic Jews leaving the country.  As of 2017, Essaouira  had only three Jewish residents.  

The next morning we headed to Marrakech.  On the way we stopped at factory where we watched women make Argan oil from the nuts of the Argan trees.  

A photo of the tree goats of Morocco.  Grown almost exclusively in Sous Valley in Southwestern Morocco, the Argania is a rare and protected species after years of over-farming and clear-cutting.  The tree produces an annual fruit crop and it is this delicious fruit that attracts the local goats who hop onto the branches to pick the fruit.  After the goats finish eating the fruit and nuts off the tree,  they pass valuable clumps of seeds which are then pressed to create the sought after Argan oil.  Unfortunately, because the tree goats are very profitable to their owners, more and more of the goats have been brought into the area causing a general decline in the health of the remaining trees.  

The farmers condone and cultivate this feeding, keeping the goats away from the trees until the fruit matures.   At that point, the goats are allowed to hop up into the branches to eat  the fruit.   However, we were there in November not the time when the fruit matures.  You actually had to pay to photograph the goats so I think that the goats were actually tied to the trees (wasn't obvious) which is illegal.  After a quick stop to see the goats, we headed back to Marrakech where our tour ended that evening.  All in all, Morocco was a wonderful country and I enjoyed all of it.  We got to see large cities, small towns, the mountains, the desert, the sand dunes and the ocean.    Of course what made the trip even better was the great group of new friends I made and our wonderful  tour guide and drivers.  I have to say that out of all of the places I have been to, my favorite trips  have been in Africa- Kenya and Morocco.  

The present city of Essaourira was built during the mid-eighteenth century by the Moroccan King.  The King wanted to increase trade with Europe choosing Mogador as his key location.  One objective was to establish a harbour at the closest possible point to Marrakesh.  The other was to cut off trade from Agadir (see map above) in the south which had been favoring a political rival of the Moroccan King.  The people of Agadir were forced to relocate to Essaourira.  I was very happy to see this coastal town and walk along the beach.  We stayed at a beautiful hotel just across the street from the beach.

We spent a couple of hours walking on the beach waiting for sunset.  There was a lot of action here- surfers and camel and horse rides.  It was definitely a place for people watching.  However, if you wanted to photography any of the riders, you were expected to pay.

I had fun photographing the horses and tried out some panning shots.  Rosa hired a rider to ride back and forth while we made all kinds of fun photos and watched the gorgeous sunset.

The colors actually looked like this- that is how colorful the sky was.

Bonus for us as other riders and their dog joined in the fun.

The four riders and their horses.

The last shot of the evening before we went to dinner.  

The next morning we explored the town.  We walked over to watch the fishermen bring in the fish from the sea and this was our view on the way over.  Through out the years France had an important administrative, military and economic presence in Essaourira.  Many Moroccans in the town speak French fluently today.

The harbor was one busy place.  I like how all of the fishing boats were the same color.

The seagulls were everywhere looking for food.

All kinds of fresh fish for sale.

The colorful nets used.

Some of the larger fishing boats used.

From the time the city was rebuilt  by Muhammad III until the end of the 19th century, the city served as Morocco's principal port, offering the goods of the caravan trade to the world.  The route brought goods from sub-Saharan Africa to Timbuktu, then through the desert and over the Atlas Mountains to Marrakesh.  The road from Marrakesh to Essaourira is a straight line which is the reason the king favored this city as the main port.

Next blog-  a trip to the Medina.

Today we drove from Chefchaouen  (located on top quarter of the map) to El Jadida which is on the coast, just south of Casablanca.  

We stopped in Casablanca for lunch before heading to the Mosque Hassan II.  This photo was taken on the street near where we parked.    I should add that the driving in Casablanca was crazy (also in Fes).  Drivers were going all over the place in these traffic circles and the roads were very busy with cars constantly honking.  We did drive by Rick's Cafe which was designed to recreate the bar made famous by Humphrey Bogart and Ingrid Berman in the classic movie Casablanca.  However, I didn't actually see it.  The bar scenes in the movie were filmed on Warners' Burbank lot in Hollywood recycling sets from previous productions.  However, Rick's cafe in Casablanca closely replicates the one in the movie.  We didn't spend any time in Casablanca except for a stop at the famous Mosque.  

This was our fist look at the Hassan II Mosque in Casablanca.  It is the largest mosque in Africa and the fifth largest in the world.  At 210 meters (690 feet) in height, the minaret is the tallest religious structure in the world.   Completed in 1883, the minaret is 60 stories high topped by a laser, the light from which is directed towards Mecca.  The walls are of hand crafted marble and the roof is retractable.  A maximum of 105,000 worshippers can gather together for prayer.  

We went on a tour of the mosque.  It was stunning inside.  I have to admit that I heard little of what the tour guide was saying as I was busy photographing and didn't even try to keep up to the guide.

The work on the mosque started on July 12, 1986 and took seven years to complete at a cost of approximately 585 million euro.  Much of the financing was by public subscription since  twelve million people donated to the cause.  In addition to  public donations and those from  businesses and  Arab countries( such as Kuwait and Saudi Arabia), western countries provided construction loans.  

The shot was taken looking up at the ceiling.

After our tour of the mosque, we spent some time walking around the buildings.

The mosque stands on a promontory looking out to the Atlantic Ocean. 

After leaving Casablanca, we drove to El Jadida where we spent the night.  Early next morning, I went to the roof of our hotel to photograph the sunrise.  

El Jadida is a port city on the Atlantic coast of Morocco, located 106 km south of the city of Casablanca.  It has a population of about 195,000.  The city was seized by the Portuguese in 1502.  The Portuguese build a citadel in 1514 and a larger fortification in 1541.  The city was controlled by the Portuguese until 1769 when they abandoned their last territory in Morocco.

Our first stop in El Jadida was the Portuguese cistern.  Cisterns were meant to store drinking water in case of a siege.  This one was built by the Portuguese in the 15th and 16th centuries.  Expanded since 1514, this former warehouse (possibly an armory) was converted into a cistern in the 16th century.    This place was like a large dungeon but very colorful.  You can see the thin layer of water on the floor which creates a natural mirror reflecting the ceiling.  This cistern was used by Orson Wells to film the riot scene in his "Othello".  

The underground chamber, measures 34 meters by 34 meters and was constructed with five rows of five stone pillars.

After leaving the cistern we continued on to the water.

The Fortress of Mazagan was built by the Portuguese in 1502.  

After spending the morning here, our  group left the town for our destination of the coastal town of Essaouira- see map on top of the page. 

Stepping out from our hotel to the street in the morning.

Again, we spent the day wandering the streets.  Everywhere we went  we saw gorgeous blue alleyways and blue-washed buildings.

This man was on his way to the central meeting square hoping to earn money from the tourists.

I thought that Chefchaouen was a perfect place to roam around  and take photos.  Most of the locals did not want to have their photos taken for both cultural and privacy reasons.  I'm sure they were tired of all of the tourists and their cameras.  

I always like looking at different doors in the various places I visit.  Of course the doors were also blue here.

Weatherwise we had a few more light showers but also some sunshine.  I have to say that it wasn't particularly warm here.

The Kasbah museum is a restored walled fortress in the heart of the Chefchaeon Medina.  We walked up the stairs of the old tower for some great views of the city.  Above shows a view of some of the rooftops.

A view of the city surrounded by mountains.

Just another beautiful street.

We paid this gentleman to take his photo.

I came across this cute  little boy.  I asked his mother if I could take his photo.  She is actually hiding behind the door while I took his picture.

Much to my surprise she also agreed to have her photo taken.  

Some colorful materials.

At least the cats had no issues with posing for us.

As I mentioned there were cats everywhere.

We came across a photographer taking engagement photos.  

Later on in the afternoon it started to rain again so we headed back to the hotel.   This was one of my last shots of the afternoon.    The next day we headed to El Jadida, stopping in Casablanca on the way.

We left Fez and headed towards Chefchaouen (see top of the map of Morocco, about 2/3rds to the right).  We headed eastwards driving through green mountains covered with trees until we reached  the blue city of Chefchaouen.  

On our way we stopped at a roadside market.  

A view overlooking the lake.

We stopped at a fruit stand where Rosa picked up some fruit for our group.

We stopped just outside the city for lunch.  It was actually a fairly cool, cloudy day.  The chef  was keeping his hands warm (or perhaps waiting until the grill was hot enough for his cooking).  Given the weather, I'll go with the former. 

Just before entering the Blue City, we stopped at an outlook for a view of the city.  You can see why they call it the "blue city".

We had to leave the vehicles behind and walk to our hotel (fortunately without worrying about taking our luggage) as the streets were too narrow for cars.  I grabbed a shot of these cats.  I didn't realize at the time that I would see  so many cats everywhere we went.

We wasted no time in exploring the city known for its buildings in shades of blue.  The city was originally founded to fight the Portuguese invasions of Morocco.  Along with the Ghomara tribes of the region, many Moriscos and Jews settled here after the Spanish Reconquista in medieval times.   In 1920, the Spanish seized Chefchaouen to form part of Spanish Morocco.  Spain returned the city after the independence of Morocco in 1956.  

There are several theories as to why the walls were painted blue in the old city.  One popular theory that I heard was that Jews introduced the blue when they took refuge from Hitler in the 1930's.  The blue is said to symbolize the sky and heaven and serves as a reminder to lead a spiritual life and to be closer to God.   However, according to some locals, the walls were mandated to be painted blue to attract tourists at some point in the 1970's.  Whatever the reason, the blue color made the town seem even more picturesque.  

It was such an interesting place to wander around.  The countryside around the town has a reputation for being a prolific source of Kief  and the region is one of the main producers of cannabis in Morocco.  Apparently tourism in this city  is driven by its reputation as the center of the marijuana plantations region in North Morocco as well as its proximity to Tangier.    I would have thought it was a huge tourism center because of its brightly painted Medina (old town) and its native handicrafts which you cannot find in other places.      During the summer approximately 200 hotels cater to the influx of European tourists.  

As I was photographing the street, this man turned around.  I don't think he was too happy to have his photograph taken.  I'm pretty sure that the locals get very tired of having their photographs taken.  Morocco is not a photography-friendly county at all.  

Did I mention that there were cats everywhere?

Beautiful colored steps.

Oh-oh, more rain.  Rosa stopped to buy an umbrella while the rest of us tried to find some shelter until the rain stopped. 

Fortunately the rain didn't last for long.  This little girl was helping to sweep the steps.

I saw these girls wandering around in the old city quite a bit- they were always holding hands.

Coca-Cola, the universal language.

November is a great time to visit Morocco as the streets are not crowded with tourists and the weather is not hot, even in the Sahara.  

Again, more cats.

Here is one trying to get into the house.  Next blog will feature another day in this beautiful city.

We stopped at an overlook of the city of Fez  before the rain started.

The Medina of Fez was founded in the 9th century at the same time that Islam arrived in Morocco and the imperial rule that would create the country began.  By the 12th and 13th century the old town grew to its current day size.  Many of the buildings over the small streets have been renovated but retain the original character of the 12th and 13th centuries.  The first thing we saw was the Blue Gate which is officially called Bad Bou Jeloud and it is a popular meeting place.  A few people have asked me if I felt safe in Morocco.  The answer is yes, I always felt very safe no matter where I was in the country.  

The rain started up again-just on and off showers.

We walked through the small alleyways and saw the souks(old markets).  The different souks throughout the Medina specialize in different products.  Here we see cats waiting  for treats (which they got).

'There were all kinds of  narrow alleyways.  This one led us to our lunch spot.  It would be so easy to get lost in the Medina.  

You could find pretty much anything you were looking for.

Unfortunately, the rain got worse  so we decided to head back to the hotel.

The view from our hotel the next morning.

Overlooking the hazy city of Fez, first thing in the morning.

We saw this man taking his goats through the cemetery.  

I thought the lights on top of the bus station were very interesting.

Before leaving Fez for our next destination , we once again stopped at the lookout above the city for one last look.

Next stop- Chefchaouen, the blue city. 

Later in the afternoon we photographed more of the dunes in Erg Chebbi.  The next morning we reluctantly said goodbye to the sand dunes and drove to Erfoud which is famous for its dates and fossils.  We then continued on via the Ziz Valley to Midelt with a view of the Middle Atlas Mountains, heading east via Ifrane to Fez.  If you look at the top of the above map, about 2/3rds to the right you can see where Fez is located.  As you can see it was a long driving day.

We had planned to go hiking in the dunes again but a sandstorm came up so we decided to take a drive to a different section of the dunes.  You can tell it was a bit hazy from the sand blowing.

You can just how windy it was by observing the blowing turban.  It was actually worse than it looks.  We were all a little concerned about the sand getting into the cameras.

Because of all of the wind we were happy to just observe as opposed to walk in the dunes.  However, our fearless driver was happy to walk for us.  We watched the caravan of camels, so happy that we had our ride the day before without the wind.

We drove back to the hotel and I wandered over to the dunes behind the hotel for one last look since we were leaving the area in the morning.

I came across a game of some kind in the sand.   I have no idea what they were playing but they had no problem with me taking a photo.

The next morning we continued on our journey to Fez. This was going to be our last view of palm trees for a while as we were about to drive through the Middle Atlas Mountains.  I'm not sure what all of the smoke was about.

I noticed on our travels that many houses seemed to be missing a top floor.  I was told that people continued to add to their houses when they had enough money.

The weather actually turned pretty nasty with lots of rain (and  some snow) as we continued on our way.  There is a forest area that we drove through  where you can find Berber monkeys.  It was still raining so we were kind of thinking of just driving on but one of our members decided that we should stop to at least look.  It was a good decision  as it was fun to watch the monkeys for a while (until the rain started to get pretty heavy).  There were a lot of monkeys (and  dogs) just hanging around and pretty much just ignoring the people.    Apparently these monkeys thrive in the groves of cedar trees.

We arrived in Fez in the late afternoon (still raining).  This was the view from our gorgeous hotel. Fez was the capital of the Kingdom of Morocco until 1927.  Fez has the best preserved old city in the Arab world, the sprawling labyrinthine Medina of Few-el-Bali, which is also the world's largest car free urban zone.  Within the Medina transports of goods is provided by donkeys, mules and handcarts.

The next day, our first stop  was a  well known pottery shop where we watched the artists.  In this photo, I was standing under shelter from the rain.

Next we visited the leather tannery in Fez.  I took a photo of the nearby apartments.

Moroccan leather is colorful, soft and naturally dyed.  The actual process of softening/dyeing/drying is labor intensive and a real eyeopener.  We visited the Chourara Tannery in the Fez Medina who produce highly prized leather goods sold around the world.  We were able to watch the operation from an outside balcony. 

The white pits are used for cleaning and softening.  The skins are brought by donkey to the tannery and they are dipped into a mixture that includes cow urine, pigeon poop, salt and quicklime.  

These circular pits looked like a paint set.  The colourful dye pits use poppy seed, saffron, henna and indigo as colour agents for the leather  which is soaked then lifted out for drying.

We were told that workers are mostly  born into the job, and the work is organized as old guilds would have done with men mastering and maintaining specific goals.  I believe that standing in and working with chemicals all day long leads to frequent health problems so not only is the work difficult, it is also unhealthy.  

The drying process.

I had heard that there were awful odors but I don't remember smelling anything.  I wonder if people living in these  apartments next to the tannery get used to the smell..

Next stop the Medina.

This morning we left Erg Lihoudi and made our way to Erg Chegaga (see bottom of the map).  After we got to the town of M'hamid (on the map the town is almost covered with Erg Chegaga), the paved roads ended and we found ourselves off-road for about 60 km.  Erg Chegaga is the largest and still untouched Saharan ergs (dunes)  in Morocco.  

We stopped in the village of  M'hamid to explore.  The girls' father gave me permission to take their photo.  

One of the shops in the village where I went iin to buy a coke.

These boys had a great time looking at Katharine's photos.

While traveling in the desert, we came across a well used by the locals.

This lady was using the water to wash her clothes.

With a length of approximately 40 km to 15km width,  Erg Chegaga is the largest and wildest set of dunes in Morocco. Some dunes are actually around 300mm high.  These dunes are relatively difficult to access as you need either a camel or a 4*4 vehicle or mountain bike (I guess walking is another option).  Because of this, these dunes are much less visited than the other large set of dunes in Morocco (Erg Chebbi).  Naturally we preferred the quieter dunes without all of the tourists.  I would have been happy to stay here longer.

We did a lot of hiking in the dunes which is not easy but was so much fun.  

The camels having a break before heading back to camp.

Roger and Katharine looking for great compositions.  

This photograph  of our "campsite" was taken from our hike up the dunes.  It was rustic (like the previous night's accommodation) but we all had a fatalistic time at this camp.  Who cares about hot water when you are surrounded by this scenery and peace and quiet.      After dinner the guides and resort staff entertained us with singing and dancing under the stars.  

The expanse of these sand dunes was pretty incredible.  We were so far away from civilization.  

At the top of one of the dunes we sat down and watched the "dune boarders" ski down the dunes and then hike up (no easy feat).

We started to head back down again before it got too dark.

Our next major stop was the  Erg Chebbi sand dunes, located near Merzouga.  The dunes looked beautiful in the soft light.  These dunes were much more touristy that the other dunes we saw.  Merzouga, is the local tourist center and is located on the western lee of the dunes.  There are around 70 hotels running north-south along the dunes.  Back to civilization!

We stayed at the Hotel Tombouchtou which was located right on the dunes.  Compared to our previous accommodations in the dessert this hotel was very luxurious and  a very different experience.   

Our late afternoon adventure consisted of taking a camel right up into the dunes and then exploring the sand dunes in the golden hour.  This gentleman was our tour guide and these were our camels.

This was definitely one of my more difficult photography experiences-taking photos on the camel and holding on at the same time as the camel went up and down the dunes.  It was challenging but fun.  Here I was taking a photo of the camels' shadows who were in front of me.

One of our "camel" guides who was happy to pose.

Interesting sand patterns.

A caravan of camels.

The last photo of the night as we headed back for dinner.

After photographing the sunrise in the dunes we drove to the town of Rissani to see the Sunday market.  You can see Rissani in the middle of the map about two thirds to the right.  

Rosa and I climbed the dunes early in the morning to check out the sunrise.  

Rosa climbing a dune in the early morning as the skies brightened up.  

Rosa pointed out this design in the sand- some kind of insect/critter at work?

Heading back to the hotel we saw the camels getting ready to start their day giving rides.  

After breakfast we drove to Rissani to visit the Sunday market which is a very colorful and authentic rural market.  We saw traders, nomads, Berbers and Arabic desert dwellers who come in to sell all kinds of clothing, wares, plants, spices, vegetables and animals.

A friendly merchant.  

The fruits and vegetables looked great.

You could find just about everything in this market.  It was fun to watch the people and see all of the different items for sale.

This gentleman was a real character.  Some of the members in our group bought some spices from him so he was happy to let us photograph.

Many of the shopkeepers were fine with us photographing them.   The bread in Morocco is fabulous and was served at every meal.

The friendly merchant  with his donkey.  Most of the sellers brought their donkeys to the market.

Rissani has a famous "donkey parking place".  

For lunch we stopped off and had a delicious pizza.  I can't remember exactly what was in this Moroccan pizza (cheese, eggs, veggies?)  but it was very different.  I had pizza several times in Morocco and it was some of the best pizza I've ever had.

Pizza followed by desert.  The food in Morocco was excellent.

On our third day of the tour, we made our way from Quarzazate to the dunes  Erg Lihoudi which you can see at the bottom left of the map (in yellow).  

We drove through the mountains and stopped to photograph the Draa river which is Morocco's longest river, at 1,100 kilometers (680 mi).  The water from the Draa is used to irrigate palm groves and small horticulture along the river.  About 225,000 people live in the valley of the Draa which measures 23,000 square kilos (8,900 sq. miles).    The Draa Valley one served as a link between the Sahara and the North of Morocco for the trading caravan routes that passed by the river for centuries.

Just before we stopped in Zagora for lunch, we toured another village.

After Zagora we noticed that the landscape changed to desert conditions.  At this point we drove off-road to reach  Erg Lihoudi dunes where we would be spending the night.

We came across camels which was pretty exciting for me.  

Rosa took us to the smaller dune area which was much less populated and so beautiful.   She prefers the smaller dunes to the larger more popular dunes because it is much easier to get clean shots( i.e. no footprints) plus you really get the feeling that you are away from civilization as there are so few tourists here.  

We spent time hiking up and down the dunes admiring all of the different sand patterns.  Of course the light was changing which made it more interesting.

One of our drivers.

Our other driver.

This photo was taken the next morning at sunrise.

These are the cabins where we spent the night.  

After breakfast we stopped in a small village to check out the local market.

As with other markets that we had seen, you could find pretty much anything you needed.

The above map shows our drive for the day.  Starting in Marrakesh we drove to the Sahara Desert driving across the High Atlas Mountains ending in Ouarzazate.   Along the way we saw some magnificent scenery.

As always, I wanted to keep stopping to photograph some of the scenery however, we did have somewhat of a time limit as we had a lot of distance to cover.  These houses just blended right into the geography.  

Driving through the High Atlas Mountains we came across some pretty severe weather.  This range of mountains stretches around 2,500 km (1,600 mi) through Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia.  

We drove along the former route of the caravans from the Sahara over the Atlas Mountains.  The Atlas Mountains are primarily inhabited by Berber populations.   

We stopped at Telouet Kasbah for lunch.  In Morocco,  a Kasbah frequently refers to multiple buildings in a citadel or several structures behind a defensive wall.
This Kasbah was the seat of the El Glaoui family's power and was built in the 18th and 19th century.  As you can see the palace is collapsing but in 2010, work was underway to restore the property.  This palace is located on the outskirts of the small Berber village of Telouet. We were at an elevation of about 5,900 feet so it was quite a bit cooler than Marrakech.  

A view from inside of the Kasbah.

After a delicious  lunch we continued our drive through the mountains.

We stopped a few times to check out the surrounding areas.  I was happy that we weren't driving on this road- our roads were very good.  

Here was a small town/settlement built right into the mountain which was prevalent through this area.   

Later in the afternoon we arrived at one of the most impressive and well-preserved kasbahs, the Ksar of Alt Ben which is a UNESCO World Heritage site.      A Ksar is the North African term for "Berber  castle" normally refers to a Berber fortified town.   We stopped to photograph the overlook before heading into the fortified village.  This Ksar as been used as a   film location in many famous films such as Gladiator, Alexander, The Man Who Would Be King, Lawrence of Arabia, The Mummy, Kundun, The Jewel of the Nile and parts of the TV series,  The Game of Thrones.

I took this photo looking away from the village.  

When we got to the river, we had to cross over to the Ksar.  Our guide made it look so easy.   However the water was not all that calm.

Fortunately there were kids willing to help us cross.  Rosa gave them some money to help us cross.

My first close up look at the camels in Morocco.  

This was the view from the top of the Ksar, overlooking the village.  Inside the walls of the Ksar  are  half a dozen Kasbahs (or merchant houses) and other individual dwellings.  Most citizens live in more modern dwellings in a village on the other side of the river although there are still four families living in the ancient village.  

Another view from the Ksar.

Eventually it was time to cross the river again- fortunately, the kids were still around to help us.

Our last stop of the day was in the town of Ouarzazate.  This was a view from the top floor of our riad (hotel).    A riad is a type of traditional Morocan house or palace with an interior garden or courtyard.  Ouarzazate is nicknamed "The door of the desert "because to the south of the town is the desert.  This town is an important holiday destination in Morocco since it is a base for excursions across the Draa Valley and into the dessert.  The riad that we stayed in was beautiful although you wouldn't know it from looking at it from the street.    There was an open courtyard in the center with the rooms overlooking it.  Dinner was really good as well.  In my last blog, I'll show some photos of the food taken with my I-phone.  

In November, 2018 I was fortunate enough to travel to Morocco and join a photo expedition with Rosa Frei. Rosa is Swiss but has lived in Morocco for many years and did a fantastic job of showing us the country.   Morocco overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west.  The country covers an area of about 710,850 km (274,460 square miles) and its capital is Rabat with the largest city being Casablanca.  The predominant religion is Islam and its official languages are Arabic and Berber.  French is also widely spoken.     In our group there was a couple from Australia and other couple from  Edmonton, Canada and myself.  We had two drivers/guides and spent 16 days touring the country.  Morocco is in Northern Africa and very different from Kenya.   I arrived in Marrakech which according to Rosa is probably  the most interesting city in Morocco.  I had a day to recover before meeting the group for dinner on November 11th.  

The first morning of the tour we stopped off at the Bahia Palace.  The palace was built in the late 19th century and was intended to be the greatest palace of its time.  The name means brilliance.  The architecture was intended to capture the essence of the Islamic and Moroccan style.  So this was our first glimpse of  what the Moroccan style was all about.   Moroccan culture is a blend of Berber, Arab, Sephardi Jews, West African and European influences.

We walked by the Koutoubia Mosque which is the largest in Marrakesh.  The mosque was built between 1184 and 1199.  The minaret  is 77 meters in height (253 ft).  As you can see the building is made of red stone and has six rooms in succession, one above the other.  It was designed to prevent anyone gazing in from the minaret to the harems of the king.

After leaving the Mosque we spent the rest of the day in the lively Medina (old town) which to me was the most interesting part  of the city.  The Medina was full of colorful shops and souks (markets).  This is one of the many shops we saw filled with all kinds of  colorful spices and food products.

Pictured above is Katharine from our group (Edmonton) talking to one of the "water sellers" in the main square  in the Medina(Jemaa al Fnaa).  It was hard to miss the brightly dressed men moving through the crowds often ringing bells and carrying goat skin bags of water and brass cups.  Originally their function was to sell drinking water to the locals.  Today they make their living charging a few dirhams for posing for tourist photos.  

I was told by friends who had visited Morocco that the locals do not like to have their photos taken (especially the women).   Many of the shopkeepers and other people we met were ok with us taking a couple of photos if we paid.  Others were fine with no payment.  So we  pretty much asked all the time if it was ok to take someone's photo.  Other times especially if we were taking a photo of an overall scene we quickly took one  or two photos and walked away quickly  (per Rosa's guidelines) so people did not think we were professional photographers.  This man was fine with me taking his photo -Rosa actually asked him for me.

Everywhere you looked there were beautiful and colorful displays.

I gave this man some dirham so I could photograph him and his monkey.  The monkey had no interest in looking at me at all. 

Pretty much anything you needed could be found in the market.

I photographed this young man after asking him if it was ok.  Then his dad? came running out of the shop across the street so I figured  I was  be in trouble for taking the photo however, his father just asked me if he could see the photo.  

At the end of the day we enjoyed this view from a rooftop restaurant.  

This photo and the next few  were actually taken when the group returned to Marrakesh on the last day of the tour.  We headed back to the Medina for one last look.  It was fun to watch and photograph this snake charmer.  Yes I did have to pay to take the photos.

A close up of one of the snakes.  

This gentleman owned a store and was a friend of Rosa's so we went to see his shop which was full of very interesting products.

His  brother was also happy to pose.

A view of the shops walking down the street.

Route3

Genovesa Island, Day 7

Galapagos

In the afternoon, we headed ashore to Darwin Bay.  

Galapagos

A pair of Swallow tailed gulls.

Galapagos

Galapagos

A Swallow tailed gull nesting.

Galapogos (1 of 1)

Galapagos

Galapagos

We saw more male great frigate birds trying to get attention of females by making loud calls and flapping their wings.  

Galapagos

Here is a male great frigate bird  blowing up a huge red balloon-like pouch from his chest.

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Several red-footed boobies were spotted.

Galapagos

This bird is a yellow-crowned night heron.

Galapagos

Galapagos

Galapagos

This is a  female juvenile  magnificent frigatebird.  Immature birds have a white head and underparts.  

Galapagos

As we were walking through the water we saw some stingrays.  Stingrays are common residents of shallow beach areas and deeper sandy bottoms throughout the Galapagos.  Animals from this group have a brain weight relative to body size that comes close to that of mammals and is about ten times that of bony fish so they are quite intelligent.  

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Boarding the zodiacs to head back to the ship.  This is what is called a wet landing, as you need to walk in the water to board the zodiac.

Galapogos (1 of 1)

Galapogos (1 of 1)

Crossing the equator.  Some of us went up to the bridge on the last night  to watch us cross the equator.

Galapagos

The last morning I was up to watch the sunrise.  We were all sorry to end this wonderful adventure in the Galapagos.  I would highly recommend Lindblad Expeditions.  

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Day 7, Genovesa

Galapagos

The last island that we visited was Genovesa Island.    This island is located in the northeastern part of the Galapagos  and is the home of large colonies of seabirds such as nazca boobies, red-footed boobies, great frigate birds, swallow-tailed gulls and lava gulls. Our first stop of the day was at Prince Phillip steps.   Above is a nazca booby with her egg.

Galapagos

The Nazca booby preys on small fish by flying over the ocean and then diving at high speeds.  The birds nests near cliffs on bare ground with little to no vegetation.  

Galapagos

The red-footed booby.  Adults have red feet(see later photo), but the color of their plumage varies.  They are powerful and agile fliers, but they are clumsy in takeoffs and landings.  

Galapagos

This bird is a  juvenile red footed booby.  Juveniles are brownish with darker wings and pale pinkish legs.  

Galapagos

Nazca booby chicks are snow white and fluffy.

Galapagos

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There were birds flying everywhere.

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Galapagos

Frigatebirds are found across all tropical and subtropical oceans.    Able to soar for weeks on wind currents, frigate birds spend most of the day in flight hunting for food. Their  main prey are fish and squid. Occasionally they are known to snatch seabird chicks from the nest.

Galapagos

Male Frigatebirds have a distinctive red gulag pouch which they inflate during the breeding season to attract females.

Galapagos

Galapagos

Here you can see where the red footed booby gets its name from.  

Galapogos (2 of 2)

Galapagos

Our ship in the distance.

Galapagos

The Galapagos mockingbird.   Mockingbirds are best known for their habit of mimicking the songs of other birds and the sounds of insects and amphibians in rapid succession.  

Galapagos

A swallow tailed gull.  These birds spend most of their lives flying and hunting over the open ocean.  Their main breeding location is the Galapagos Islands.  This bird is the only nocturnal gull and seabird in the world, preying on squid and small fish which rise to the surface at night to feed on plankton.  

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The Galapagos Sally Lightfoot crab is also known as the red rock crab and sally lightfoot.   The body of this crab is very colorful and most adult crabs can be pink, red, brown or yellow in color.  

Galapagos

These crabs are very fast-moving and agile which make it hard to catch.  They are not used as a food source for humans, since it is a small crab and not very tasty.  However, they are used as bait by fishermen.  

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Galapogos (1 of 1)

Some islands along the way to our next stop.

Galapagos

Galapogos (1 of 1)

Galapagos

While most of the people were off on different excursions, I had a personal tour of the small islet of Chinese Hat.

Galapagos

 My tour guide was Christina Ahassi, a local of the Galapagos.  Notice her bare feet.  She had no trouble hiking around on the lava rocks.

Galapagos

Chinese hat is a very tiny island and is less than a quarter of 1 square km in size.  The island has the shape of a down-facing Chinese hat.  I found the volcanic scenery very picturesque.

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There was a lot of colorful fauna everywhere.

Galapagos

Galapagos

Eventually, another guide picked us up and we went back to the ship on the zodiac.

Galapagos

Once we got back to the ship, there was a late afternoon zodiac excursion which I was happy to go on.  Notice how well this Brown Pelican blends into the background.  I read that while this bird is straining the water from its bill after a dive, gulls often try to steal the fish right out of its pouch- sometimes while perching on the pelican's head.   Now that would have been interesting to see.

Galapagos

Galapagos

Galapagos

We came across some more penguins before heading back to the ship.

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Early in the morning,  we  anchored in  Sullivan's Bay at the easternmost tip of James Island.  Once again, the scenery was very different.  This area has been subject to violent eruptions.  

Galapagos

Galapagos

We stopped to hike on Bartolome Island, a volcanic islet in the Galapagos, just off the east coast of Santiago Island.   This island has some of the most beautiful landscapes in the archipelago.  

Galapagos

The island consists of an extinct volcano and a variety of red, orange, green and glistening black volcanic formations.  There is very little vegetation on this island but the gray mat plant, evolved to survive long droughts and intense heat.  The tiny white flower it produces are the primary food source for the local lava lizards.

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Galapagos

We walked to the top of Bartholomew before breakfast.  

Galapagos

Volcanic features are preserved for a relatively long time in the Galapagos since the climate is fairly stable.  The only true damage to these rocks is a result of the constant exposure to intensive sunlight and occasional heavy rainstorms.  Sunlight and heavy rains do cause erosion, but not as impacting as big storms and heavy seas.

Galapagos

After climbing up several hundred wooden steps, we had a great view of Pinnacle Rock, which is the distinctive characteristic of this island and the most representative landmark of the Galapagos.

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Galapagos

You can just make out the lighthouse at the top.

Galapagos

One of the groups making its way down the wooden steps.